Abstract
The thermodynamics of Fe-Ti-C austenite has been investigated in the temperature range of 1273 to 1473 K using a dynamic gas equilibrium technique. Hydrogen-methane mixtures have been used for fixing carbon potentials, and the carbon contents have been determined as dynamic weight changesvia a sensitive Cahn microbalance. The effect of titanium-carbon interaction in austenite has been observed (1) as a minimum in the carbide solubility curve, (2) as increases in carbon content due to titanium additions at constant carbon activity, and (3) as the variation of solubility limit of the carbide with carbon content at high carbon contents. The results on the isoactivity measurements in the ternary Fe-Ti-C austenite have been analyzed using the modified Wagner formalism. The ternary interaction parameter ε TiC been quantitatively related to the solubility minimum and the relative increase in carbon content at constant carbon activity. The variation of the solubility limit of the carbide with carbon content has been described using an additional term to the classical solubility relationships. This additional term is related to the self-and cross-interaction of carbon. Using the solubility relations, the dissolution free energy of body-centered cubic (bcc) Ti in face-centered cubic (fcc) Fe has also been determined. Very good agreement between the thermodynamic calculations and the experimental results was found.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
K. Narita:J. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1959, vol. 80, p. 266.
K.J. Irvine, F.B. Pickering, and T. Gladman:J. Iron Steel Inst., 1967, vol. 205, p. 171.
T. Shiraiwa, N. Fujino, and J. Murayama:Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 1970, vol. 10, pp. 406–12.
H. Dunwald and C. Wagner:Anorg. Allegem., 1931, vol. 199, p. 321.
J. Chipman:Metall. Trans., 1972, vol. 3, pp. 55–64.
F. Gustafson:Scand. J. Metall., 1985, vol. 14, pp. 259–67.
C. WagnerThermodynamics of Alloys, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1952, p. 51.
L.S. Darken:Trans.-AIME, 1967, vol. 239, pp. 90–96.
A.D. Pelton and C.W. Bale:Metall. Trans. A, 1986, vol. 17A, pp. 1211–15.
M. Hillert:Metall. Trans. A, 1986, vol. 17A, pp. 1878–79.
L. Kaufman and H. Nesor:CALPHAD, 1978, vol. 2, pp. 56–63 and 117.
J.L. Murray:Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 1981, vol. 2, pp. 320–34.
P.N. Smith and J.S. Kirkaldy:Tchernoff Memorial Symp., Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 1972; S.E. Feldman and J.S. Kirkaldy:Can. Metall. Q., 1974, vol. 13, pp. 625–30.
K. Balasubramanian, A. Kroupa, and J.S. Kirkaldy:Metall. Trans. A, 1992, vol. 23A, pp. 729–44.
K. Balasubramanian and J.S. Kirkaldy:CALPHAD, 1986, vol. 10, pp. 187–202.
R. Hultgren, P. Desai, D.T. Hawkins, M. Gleiser, and K.K. Kelly:Selected Values of the Thermodynamic Properties of Binary Alloys, ASM, Metals Park, OH, 1973, p. 520.
M. Hillert and L.I. Staffansson:Acta Chem. Scand., 1970, vol. 24, pp. 3618–26.
J. Sopousek and A. Kroupa:Res. Rep. VZ 882/961, Institute of Physical Metallurgy, Brno, Czechoslovakia, 1991.
B. Sundman and J. Agren:J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 1981, vol. 42, pp. 297–301.
H. Ohtani and M. Hillert:CALPHAD, 1990, vol. 14, pp. 289–306.
H. Ohtani, T. Tanaka, M. Hasebe, and T. Nishizawa:CALPHAD, 1988, vol. 12, pp. 225–46.
H. Ohtani, T. Nishizawa, T. Tanaka, and H. Hasebe:Proc. Japan-Canada Seminar on Secondary Steelmaking, Tokyo, Japan, Canadian Steel Industry Research Association (CSIRA) and The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan (ISIJ), 1985, pp. J?7?1-J?7?12.
P. Gustafson:Scand. J. Metall., 1985, vol. 14, pp. 259–67.
L. Kaufman and J. Agren: Tech. Rep. F49620-80-C0020, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFSC), Boiling Air Force Base, Washington, DC, 1982.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
K. BALASUBRAMANIAN, Formerly with McMaster University,
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Balasubramanian, K., Kroupa, A. & Kirkaldy, J.S. Experimental investigation of the thermodynamics of the Fe-Ti-C austenite and the solubility of titanium carbide. Metall Trans A 23, 709–727 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02675550
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02675550