Abstract
The release of heavy metals into the environment is a worldwide major concern. Different studies have demonstrated that natural agents have a high removal capacity for divalent heavy metal ions. Wood ash is a natural adsorbent and, in comparison with others, has a very low price. In this study, the removal of heavy metals (Pb and Co) from Binalood paint industry (Kerman, Iran) effluent was investigated in batch condition. Pb and Co measurement in samples were done with atomic absorption equipment and test methods were adapted from standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. The effect of pH and the amount of adsorbent was determined and different adsorption isotherms were also obtained. This study shows that the adsorption process follows the adsorption Langmuir isotherm. The amount of wood ash has a great role in the adsorption rate and adsorption rate increased as wood ash increased. In the study, the reactions reached equilibrium in 3 h contact time. The maximum Pb removal efficiency was 96.1 % at pH 2 with a contact time of 3 h and 100 g/L wood ash and the maximum Co removal efficiency was 99 % at pH 2 with a contact time of 3 h and 100 g/L wood ash. According to the results, wood ash is recommended as a low cost and available adsorbent to remove Pb and Co from municipal and industrial wastewaters.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdus-salam, N.; Adekola, F. A., (2005). The influence of pH and adsorbent concentration on adsorption of lead and zinc on a natural goethite. Afr. J. Sci. Tech., 6, 55–66.
Abraham, L., (1982). American standard theoretical. New York, USA, McGraw-Hill.
Ahalya, N.; Kanamadi, R. D.; Ramachandra, T. V., (2005). Biosorption of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions by the husks of Bengal gram (Cicer arientinum). Ele. J. Biotech., 8, 258–264.
Alessia, S. M.; Ferrini, V., (2007). Cadmium removal from single and multi-metal solutions by sorption on hydroxyapatite. J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 317(2), 402–408.
Amuda, O. S.; Alade, A., (2006). Coagulation/flocculation process in the treatment of abattoir wastewater. Desalination. 796, 22–31.
Amuda, O. S.; Amoo, I. A., (2006). Coagulation/flocculation process and sludge conditioning in beverage industrial wastewater treatment. J. Hazard. Mater. 747, 778–783.
Amuda, O. S., Amoo, I. A.; Ajayi, O. O., (2006). Performance optimization of coagulation/flocculation process in the treatment of beverage industrial wastewater. J. Hazard. Mater. 129(1–3), 69–72.
Ayers, R. S.; Westcot, D. W., (1994). Water quality for agriculture. Rome, Italy, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, FAO.
Babel, S.; Kuraniwan, T. A., (2003). Low-cost adsorbents for heavy metals uptake from contaminated water. J. Hazard. Mater. B97(1), 219–243.
Brown, P. A.; Gill, S. A.; Allen, S. J., (2000). Metal Removal from wastewater using Peat. Water Res., 34(16), 3907–3916.
Chuah, T. G.; Jumasiah, A.; Azni, I.; Katayon, S.; Thomas Choong, S. Y., (2005). Rice husk as a potentially low-cost biosorbent for heavy metal and dye removal. Desalination, 175(3), 305–316.
Clark, P., (1972). Water analysis with atomic absorbtion. USA, Variani Techtron B, stuander Company.
Dasa, B.; Hazarika, P.; Sailika, G.; Kalita, H.; Goswami, D. C.; Das, H. B..; Dube, S. N. & Dutta, R.K.,(2006) Removal of iron from groundwater by ash: A systematic study of a traditional method. J. Hazard. Mater., 141(3), 834–841.
Dastjerdi, V. M.; Shanbezade, S.; Zahabsaniei, A., (2003). Investigation of heavy metal concentration of Gavkhooni wetland and their ecological effects. Proceeding of 6th. national congress on environmental health. yazd, Iran Publication of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.
Davis, J. B., (1973). Statistic and data analysis in geology. New York: Wiley International. 456–473.
Eaton, A.; Closceril.; Greanberg, A., (1998). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. USA, APHA, AWWA, WEF.
Erdem, E.; Karapinar, N.; Donat, R., (2004). The removal of heavy metal cations by natural zeolites. Colloid Interf. Sci. 280(2), 309–314.
Gabriel, B., (1979). Extended abstracts of the international conference of the heavy metals in the environment. Canada, National research D.C. Health Company.
Ganji, M.; Khosravi, M.; Rakhshaei, R., (2005). Biosorption of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn from the wastewater by treated Azolla filiculides with H2O2/MgCl2. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 1(4), 265–271.
Georg Steinhauser, M. B., (2008). Adsorption of ions onto high silica volcanic glass. Appl. Rad. Iso., 66(1), 1–8.
Guo, X.; Zhang, S.; Shan, X. Q., (2008). Adsorption of metal ions on lignin. J. Hazard. Mater. 151(1), 134–142.
Hanzlik, J.; Jehlicka, J.; Sebek, O.; Weishauptova, Z.; Machovic, V., (2004) Multi-component adsorption of Ag(I), Cd(II) and Cu(II) by natural carbonaceous materials. Water Res. 38(8), 2178–2184.
Howard, H.; D, M.;H, M. P. & D, S.,(2002). Human Health and Heavy Meatals Exposure. MIT Publication.
Inglezaki, V. J.; Stylianou, M. A.; Gkantzou, D.; Loizidou, M. D., (2007). Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions by using clinoptilolite and bentonite as adsorbents. Desalination. 210, 248–256.
ISIRI (1999). Physical and chemical characteristics of water and wastewater effluent. Industrial Standards Institute of Research of Iran, Standard. IN NO.1053 (Ed.) 1–5. Tehran. Iran.
Juang, R. S.; Shiau, R. C., (2000). Metal removal from aqueous solutions using chitosan-enhanced membrane filtrations. J. Membane. Sci. 765:159–167.
Lai, C. L.; Lin, S. H., (2003). Electrocoagulation of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) wastewater from semiconductor fabrication. Chem. Eng., 95(1), 205–211.
Matos, G. D.; Arruda, M. A. Z., (2003). Vermicompost as natural adsorbent for removing metal ions from laboratory effluents. Process Biochem. 39(1), 81–88.
Naseem, R.; Tahir, S. S., (2001) Removal of Pb(II) from Aqueous/Acidic Solutions by using Bentonite as an Adsorbent. Water Res. 35(16), 3982–3986.
Needlemana, H. L.; Bellingerc, D., (2001) Studies of lead exposure and the developing central nervous system: a reply to Kaufman. Arch. Clin. Neuropsych., 16(4), 359–374.
Nergo, G., (1993). Organochlorine and heavy metal contamination in non-viable egges and it relation breeding succes. New York, USA, Park Ridge company.
Quek, S. Y.; Wase, D. A. J.; Forster, C. F., (1998). The use of Sago Waste for the Sorption of lead and Copper. Water SA, July 24(3), 251–256.
Reviewed by Staff and Experts in the Programme of Chemical Safety (PCS), A. W., Sanitation and Health Unit (WSH), World Health Organization (WHO), GENEVA., (2001) Water-related Diseases., Geneva.
Sirichote, O.; Innajitara, W.; Chuenchom, L; Chunchit, D; Naweekan, K., (2002). Adsorption of iron (III) ion on activated carbons obtained from bagasse, pericarp of rubber fruit and coconut shell. Songklanakarin J. Sci. Tech. 24, 235–242.
Viraraghvan, T.; Dronamraju, M. M., (1993). Removal of copper, nickel and zinc from wastewater by adsorption using peat, J. Environ. Sci. Health A: Environ. Sci. Eng. 28, 1261–1276.
Viraraghvan, T.; Rao, G. A. K., (1991) Adsorption of Cadmium and Chromium from wastewater by Fly Ash. Environ. Sci. Health, A 26(5), 721–753. 217–222.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Malakootian, M., Almasi, A. & Hossaini, H. Pb and Co removal from paint industries effluent using wood ash. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 5, 217–222 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03326015
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03326015