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Factorial design optimisation of grape (Vitis vinifera) seed polyphenol extraction

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Abstract

A 23-full factorial design and response surface methodology were deployed to assess some basic factors (time, % ethanol and pH) affecting profoundly the extractability of polyphenolic phytochemicals from grape (V. vinifera) seeds. In an effort to obtain a thorough insight into the applicability of the models established, seed extracts from three different varieties were tested, by determining several indices of the polyphenolic composition, such as total polyphenol (TP), total flavanol (TFl) and proanthocyanidin (PC) concentrations. It has been shown that the models generated can adequately predict the recovery levels for each polyphenol group, but the optimal conditions predicted for TP, TFl and PC recovery varied significantly. Notable differences were also seen among the different varieties. Correlation of the polyphenol indices with the antiradical activity and reducing power of the extracts indicated that there is no consistent pattern to associate specific polyphenol classes with the antioxidant potential, which might be an evidence of antagonism. Examination of the optimally obtained extracts using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that the most prominent compounds were catechin, some flavanol dimers and galloylated derivatives thereof.

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Abbreviations

AAE:

Ascorbic acid equivalents

AAR :

Antiradical activity

CT:

Catechin

CTE:

Catechin equivalents

CTG:

Catechin gallate

CyE:

Cyanidin equivalents

ε:

Molar absorptivity

GAE:

Gallic acid equivalents

MW:

Molecular weight

PC:

Proanthocyanidins

PR :

Reducing power

SD:

Standard deviation

TFl:

Total flavanols

TP:

Total polyphenols

TRE:

Trolox equivalents

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Science of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70, El. Venizelou Str., 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece

    Evangelia Karvela, Nick Kalogeropoulos & Vaios T. Karathanos

  2. Food Quality & Chemistry of Natural Products Programme, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (M.A.I.Ch.), P.O. Box 85, 73100, Chania, Greece

    Dimitris P. Makris & Panagiotis Kefalas

Authors
  1. Evangelia Karvela
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  2. Dimitris P. Makris
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  3. Nick Kalogeropoulos
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  4. Vaios T. Karathanos
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  5. Panagiotis Kefalas
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dimitris P. Makris.

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Karvela, E., Makris, D.P., Kalogeropoulos, N. et al. Factorial design optimisation of grape (Vitis vinifera) seed polyphenol extraction. Eur Food Res Technol 229, 731–742 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-009-1105-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-009-1105-1

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