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Detailed investigation of optical linearity and nonlinearity of nanostructured Ce-doped CdO thin films using Kramers–Kronig relations

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Abstract

Sol–gel-assisted spin coating technique has been employed to deposit Ce-doped cadmium oxide films (CdO) thin films on a glass substrate. Structural analysis carried out by XRD revealed that the films are polycrystalline and crystallize in a cubic structure. The preferential directions for the CdO growth are (2 0 0), and (2 1 0) and doping of Ce ions inhibits the growth. In addition to XRD, Raman analysis also supports the crystalline phase with no impurities. Using the Kramers–Kronig relations, the dispersion relation is evaluated from which the refractive index and the absorption coefficient were derived. The deposited doped and pure CdO films are highly transparent. The energy gap values of pure and doped CdO films are in the range of 2.2–4.2 eV, making them suitable for optoelectronic applications. The lower values of ‘n’ and ‘k’ are making the films most significant. The dielectric constant and nonlinear optical properties showed an increasing tendency on doping Ce ions into CdO films.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through research groups program under grant number R.G.P. 2/50/40.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Functional Materials and Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia

    V. Ganesh, H. Elhosiny Ali, H. H. Hegazy, H. Algarni, H. Y. Zahran & I. S. Yahia

  2. Department of Physics, Telangana University, P.O. Box 503101, Nizamabad, Telangana State, India

    L. Haritha

  3. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt

    H. Elhosiny Ali, A. M. Aboraia, Yasmin Khairy & H. H. Hegazy

  4. The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Sladkova 178/24, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia

    A. M. Aboraia, V. Butova & Alexander V. Soldatov

  5. Nanoscience Laboratory for Environmental and Bio-medical Applications (NLEBA), Semiconductor Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo, 11757, Egypt

    H. Y. Zahran & I. S. Yahia

  6. Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia

    I. S. Yahia

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  1. V. Ganesh
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  2. L. Haritha
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  3. H. Elhosiny Ali
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Correspondence to Yasmin Khairy.

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Ganesh, V., Haritha, L., Ali, H.E. et al. Detailed investigation of optical linearity and nonlinearity of nanostructured Ce-doped CdO thin films using Kramers–Kronig relations. Appl. Phys. A 126, 551 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-03727-8

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