Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Variscan amphibolite-facies rocks from the Kurtoğlu metamorphic complex (Gümüşhane area, Eastern Pontides, Turkey)

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Earth Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Kurtoğlu metamorphic complex, that forms part of the pre-Liassic basement of the Sakarya zone in northern Turkey, consists of at least two tectonic units. Blueschist-facies rocks of unknown metamorphic age in the southern part of the complex are tectonically overlain by Variscan low-pressure high-temperature metamorphic rocks. The latter comprise mica schists and fine-grained gneisses, cut by metaleucogranitic dikes, as well as migmatitic biotite gneisses and subordinate amphibolite intercalations. Structural data indicate that metamorphism and penetrative deformation occurred after dyke intrusion. Peak metamorphic conditions of the mica schists, fine-grained gneisses and metaleucogranites are estimated to ∼650°C and ∼0.4 GPa, based on phase relationships in the system NCKFMASH, Fe–Mg partitioning between garnet and biotite as well as garnet-aluminosilicate-quartz-plagioclase (GASP) and garnet-plagioclase-biotite-quartz (GBPQ) barometry. Peak temperatures of the migmatitic biotite gneisses and amphibolite intercalations are not well constrained but might have been significantly higher (690–740°C), as suggested from hornblende-plagioclase thermometry. 40Ar–39Ar incremental dating on muscovite and biotite fractions from the mica schists and fine-grained gneisses yielded plateau ages of ∼323 Ma. Significantly older model ages of ∼329 and ∼337 Ma were obtained on muscovite fractions from two metaleucogranite samples. These fractions contain both relict igneous and newly formed metamorphic muscovite.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Blundy JD, Holland TJB (1990) Calcic amphibole equilibria and a new amphibole-plagioclase geothermometer. Contrib Mineral Petrol 104:208–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bohlen SR, Wall VJ, Boettcher AL (1983) Experimental investigations and geological applications of equilibria in the system FeO–TiO2–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O. Am Mineral 68:1049–1058

    Google Scholar 

  • Çapkinoğlu S (2003) First records of conodonts from the Permo-Carboniferous of Demirözü (Bayburt), Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. Turk J Earth Sci 12:199–217

    Google Scholar 

  • Cesare B, Gómez-Pugnaire MT, Sánchez-Navas A, Groberty B (2002) Andalusite-sillimanite replacement (Mazarrón, SE Spain): a microstructural and TEM study. Am Mineral 87:433–444

    Google Scholar 

  • Çoğulu E (1975) Gümüşhane ve Rize bölgelerinde petrolojik ve jeokronolojik araştırmalar. Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Yayını 1034:112

    Google Scholar 

  • Çoğulu E, Krummenacher D (1967) Problèmes géochronométriques dans le partie NW de l’Anatolie Centrale (Turquie). Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 47:825–831

    Google Scholar 

  • Çoğulu E, Delaloye M, Chessex R (1965) Sur l’âge de quelques roches plutoniques acides dans la région d’Eskişehir, Turquie. Archives des Sciences Genève 18:692–699

    Google Scholar 

  • Delaloye M, Bingöl E (2000) Granitoids from western and northwestern Anatolia: Geochemistry and modeling of geodynamic evolution. Intern Geol Rev 42:241–268

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delaloye M, Çoğulu E, Chessex R (1972) Geochronometric study on crystalline massifs Rize and Gümüşhane. Compte Rendu des Séances de la Societé de Physique et D’Histoire Naturelle De Genève 7:43–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Vincenco G, Viti C, Rocchi S (2003) The effect of chlorite interlayering on 40Ar–39Ar biotite dating: an 40Ar–39Ar laser-probe and TEM investigations of variably choritised biotites. Contrib Mineral Petrol 145:643–658

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferry JM, Spear FS (1978) Experimental calibration of partitioning of Fe and Mg between biotite and garnet. Contrib Mineral Petrol 66:113–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoisch TD (1990) Empirical calibration of six barometers for the mineral assemblage quartz+muscovite+biotite+plagioclase+garnet. Contrib Mineral Petrol 104:225–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoisch TD (1991) Equilibria within the mineral assemblage quartz + muscovite + biotite + garnet + plagioclase, and its implications for the mixing properties of octahedrally coordinated cations in muscovite and biotite. Contrib Mineral Petrol 108:43–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holland T, Blundy J (1994) Non-ideal interactions in calcic amphiboles and their bearing on amphibole-plagioclase thermometry. Contrib Mineral Petrol 116:433–447

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koziol AM (1989) Recalibration of the garnet-plagioclase-Al2SiO5-quartz (GASP) geobarometer and applications to natural parageneses. EOS Trans Am Geophys Union 70:493

    Google Scholar 

  • Koziol AM, Newton RC (1988) Redetermination of anorthite breakdown reaction and improvement of the plagioclase-garnet-Al2SiO5-quartz geobarometer. Am Mineral 73:216–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Breton N, Thompson AB (1988) Fluid-absent (dehydration) melting of biotite in metapelites in the early stages of crustal anatexis. Contrib Mineral Petrol 99:226–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okay AI (1996) Granulite facies gneisses from the Pulur Region, Eastern Pontides. Turk J Earth Sci 5:55–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Okay AI, Leven E-J (1996) Stratigraphy and paleontology of the upper Paleozoic sequences in the Pulur (Bayburt) region, Eastern Pontides. Turk J Earth Sci 5:145–155

    Google Scholar 

  • Okay AI, Şahintürk Ö (1997) Geology of the Eastern Pontides. In: Robinson AG (ed) Regional and petroleum geology of the Black Sea and surrounding region. Am Ass Petrol Geol (AAPG) Memoir 68, pp 291–311

  • Okay AI, Satır M (2000) Coeval plutonism and metamorphism in a latest Oligocene metamorphic core complex in northwest Turkey. Geol Mag 137:495–516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okay AI, Göncüoğlu MC (2004) The Karakaya complex: a review of data and concepts. Turkish J Earth Sci 13:77–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Okay AI, Şahintürk Ö, Yakar H (1997) Stratigraphy and tectonics of the Pulur (Bayburt) region in the eastern Pontides. Mineral Res Expl Bull 119:1–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Pattison DRM (1992) Stability of andalusite and sillimanite and the Al2SiO5 triple point: Constraints from the Ballachulish aureole, Scotland. J Geol 100:423–446

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pouchou JL, Pichoir F (1984) A new model for quantitative analyses. I. Application to the analysis of homogeneous samples. La Recherche Aérospatiale 3:13–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Pouchou JL, Pichoir F (1985) “PAP” (Φ–ρ–Z) correction procedure for improved quantitative microanalysis. In: Armstrong JT (ed) Microbeam analysis. San Francisco Press, USA, pp 104–106

  • Spear FS, Kohn MJ, Cheney JT (1999) P-T paths from anatectic pelites. Contrib Mineral Petrol 134:17–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stampfli GM, Borel GD (2002) A plate tectonic model for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic constrained by dynamic plate boundaries and restored synthetic oceanic isochrons. Earth Planet Sc Lett 196:17–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stampfli GM, von Raumer JF, Borel GD (2002) Paleozoic evolution of pre-Variscan terranes: from Gondwana to the Variscan collision. In: Martínez Catalán JR, Hatcher RD Jr, Arenas R, Díaz García F (eds) Variscan-Appalachian dynamics: The building of the late Paleozoic basement, Boulder Colorado, Geol Soc Am Spec Pap 364, pp 263–280

  • Steiger RH, Jäger E (1977) Subcommission on Geochronology: Convention on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmochronology. Earth Planet Sci Lett 36:359–362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens G, Clemens JD, Droop GTR (1997) Melt production during granulite-facies anatexis: experimental data from “primitive” metasedimentary protoliths. Contrib Mineral Petrol 128:352–370

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Topuz G, Altherr R (2004) Pervasive rehydration of granulites during exhumation—an example from the Pulur complex, Eastern Pontides, Turkey. Mineralogy and Petrology 81:165–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Topuz G, Altherr R, Kalt A, Satır M, Werner O, Schwarz WH (2004a) Aluminous granulites from the Pulur complex, NE Turkey: a case of partial melting, efficient melt extraction and crystallization. Lithos 72:183–207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Topuz G, Altherr R, Satır M, Schwarz WH (2004b) Low-grade metamorphic rocks from the Pulur complex, NE Turkey: implications for the pre-Liassic evolution of the Eastern Pontides. Int J Earth Sci 93:72–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torsvik TH, Cocks LRM (2004) Earth geography from 400 to 250 Ma: a palaeomagnetic, faunal and facies review. J Geol Soc London 161:555–572

    Google Scholar 

  • Villa IM (1998) Isotopic closure. Terra Nova 10:42–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White RW, Powell R, Holland TJB (2001) Calculation of partial melting equilibria in the system Na2O–CaO–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O (NCKFMASH). J Metam Geol 19:139–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams ML, Grambling JA (1990) Manganese, ferric iron, and the equilibrium between garnet and biotite. Am Mineral 75:886–908

    Google Scholar 

  • Yılmaz Y (1974a) Geology of the Gümüşhane granite (petrography). Istanbul Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi Mecmuası B39:157–172

    Google Scholar 

  • Yılmaz Y (1974b) Geochemical study of the Gümüşhane granite. Istanbul Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi Mecmuası Seri B39:173–204

    Google Scholar 

  • Yılmaz Y (1974c) History of the cyrstallization of the Gümüşhane granite. Istanbul Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi Mecmuası Seri B39:205–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Yılmaz Y (1975) Emplacement of the Gümüşhane granite. Cumhuriyetin 50, Yılı Yerbilimleri Kongresi, Tebliğler, MTA Ankara, pp 485–489

  • Yılmaz Y (1977) Kurtoğlu dokanak metamorfizma kuşağinda bazı petrojenetik sorunlar. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bülteni 20:63–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Yılmaz A, Yılmaz H (2004) Geology and Structural Evolution of the Tokat Massif (Eastern Pontides, Turkey). Turk J Earth Sci 13:231–246

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This paper benefited from constructive reviews of Bernardo Cesare and Sarah C. Sherlock as well as from fruitful discussions with Aral I. Okay, Yücel Yılmaz and Cüneyt Şen. Special thanks are due to Murat Kayıkçı for cutting rock slices and Ilona Fin and Oliver Wienand for preparing high-quality thin sections. Yener Eyüboğlu, Mutlu Sarıkaya and Özgür Parlak are thanked for their companionship during field work that was financially supported by grant # 104Y284 of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBITAK).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Avrasya Yerbilimleri Enstitüsü, Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, TR-34469, Ayazağa, Istanbul, Turkey

    Gültekin Topuz

  2. Mineralogisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 236, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Rainer Altherr, Winfried H. Schwarz & Hans-Peter Meyer

  3. Gümüşhane Mühendislik Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, TR-29000, Gümüşhane, Turkey

    Abdurrahman Dokuz

Authors
  1. Gültekin Topuz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rainer Altherr
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Winfried H. Schwarz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Abdurrahman Dokuz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hans-Peter Meyer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gültekin Topuz.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Topuz, G., Altherr, R., Schwarz, W.H. et al. Variscan amphibolite-facies rocks from the Kurtoğlu metamorphic complex (Gümüşhane area, Eastern Pontides, Turkey). Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 96, 861–873 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0138-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0138-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation