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Intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions in the thiourea/water complexes (Thio-(H2O)n) (n = 1, …, 5): X-ray, DFT, NBO, AIM, and RDG analyses

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Abstract

This study aims to experimentally and theoretically examine the nature and energy of intermolecular bond interactions between thiourea and water molecules using natural bond orbital (NBO), non-linear optical (NLO), atoms in molecules (AIM), and reduced density gradient (RDG) analyses based on the quantum chemical approach and spectroscopic analysis on X-ray and FTIR. Geometry optimizations of Thio-(H2O)1–5 complexes were carried out in the gas phase by B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of density functional theory. The nature of the molecular interactions between the water and thiourea through hydrogen bonding has been investigated using RDG and AIM methods. NBO analysis shows that the Thio-(H2O)5 complex has higher stabilization energy values than the other complexes. The non-linear optical properties, such as dipole moment (μ), the polarizability (α0), and the first hyperpolarizability (βtot), and thermodynamic functions, such as entropy (S), specific heat capacity (Cv), and thermal energy (E), were calculated using the same method. It was observed that thermodynamic parameters, polarizability, and the first hyperpolarizability increased with the number of water molecules. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that thiourea is single crystal, and the thiourea/water complexes are crystalline in nature. Besides, the infrared spectrum shows the existence of water molecules and it is used to get details of the structure of the complex.

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Acknowledgments

The devices of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Center of Research Equipment of Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS” were used in the work. The authors are grateful to G.N. Bondarenko for obtaining X-ray data and Korolkova I.V. for obtaining FTIR spectra.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vocational School of Technical Sciences, University of Bingöl, 12000, Bingol, Turkey

    Feride Akman

  2. Laboratory of Quantum and Statistical Physics (LR18ES18), Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, 5079, Monastir, Tunisia

    Noureddine Issaoui

  3. Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Akademgorodok, 50/24, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, 660036

    Aleksandr S. Kazachenko

  4. Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, 90 Mira Avenue, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, 660049

    Aleksandr S. Kazachenko

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  1. Feride Akman
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Correspondence to Feride Akman.

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Akman, F., Issaoui, N. & Kazachenko, A.S. Intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions in the thiourea/water complexes (Thio-(H2O)n) (n = 1, …, 5): X-ray, DFT, NBO, AIM, and RDG analyses. J Mol Model 26, 161 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-020-04423-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-020-04423-3

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