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In Vitro Comparison of the Effect of Stent Configuration on Wall Shear Stress Using Time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry

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Abstract

Time resolved particle image velocimetry was used to measure wall shear stress (WSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI) within a 3.0 mm diameter compliant vessel model implanted with an Abbott Vascular XIENCE V® stent in five configurations: baseline, over-expanded, increased vessel diameter, two overlapped stents, and increased stent length. Flow through unstented vessels was also tested for comparison. Flow conditions featured a realistic coronary pressure-flow offset and reversal at average flow rates corresponding to resting (Re = 160, f = 70 bpm) and exercise conditions (Re = 300, f = 120 bpm). Comparisons revealed that the WSS was similar for all cases behind the first strut and downstream of the device, indicating that changes in configuration have little effect downstream. However, there were notable differences within each stent revealing reduced WSS values for all cases due to the stent-imposed expansion of the vessel wall (0.20–9.29 dynes/cm2 for Re = 160 and d = 3.0 mm). Over-expanding the stent with a second balloon affected the alignment of the stent geometry, and led to higher WSS at the inlet and lower values at mid-stent. The overlapped stents showed disturbed flow and a WSS deficit region downstream of the overlapped region. Analysis of the longer stent showed that the WSS within the vessel recovers with distance. An overall correlation was noted between decreased WSS values and elevated OSI. Results of this study are important because decreased WSS has been implicated in endothelial cell changes and increased restenosis, and clinical research has shown that a link exists between deployment configurations and negative patient outcomes.

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Acknowledgments

Abbott Vascular provided partial support for this research. This material is also based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under CAREER award #0547434 and MRI grant #0521102.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Virginia Tech, 114S Randolph Hall, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA

    John Charonko, Satyaprakash Karri, Jaime Schmieg & Pavlos Vlachos

  2. Abbott Vascular, 3200 Lakeside Drive, Mail Stop S133, Santa Clara, CA, 95054, USA

    Santosh Prabhu

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Correspondence to Pavlos Vlachos.

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Associate Editor Scott I. Simon oversaw the review of this article.

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Charonko, J., Karri, S., Schmieg, J. et al. In Vitro Comparison of the Effect of Stent Configuration on Wall Shear Stress Using Time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry. Ann Biomed Eng 38, 889–902 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-010-9915-7

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