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What If My Dad Finds Out!?: Assessing Adolescent Men Who Have Sex with Men’s Perceptions About Parents as Barriers to PrEP Uptake

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Abstract

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention strategy for high-risk adults and recently was given US FDA approval for use among adolescents. Yet, the barriers to medication uptake for this population are unique when compared to adult populations, as parents may be just as likely as prescribers to be gatekeepers to access. To better understand the role of parents in adolescents’ attitudes towards PrEP, we surveyed 491 adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) ages 13–18, using forced choice and open-ended response questions. We measured perceived parent-PrEP supportiveness, hypothetical parent reactions to a request to initiate PrEP, and perceived positive and negative aspects of taking PrEP without parents knowing. A mixed-methods approach was employed. Results indicated a majority of AMSM had heard of PrEP and most reported their parents would be unsupportive of their taking PrEP. Teens perceived their parents would likely be angry, accusatory, and punitive if PrEP use was discovered, and that accessing PrEP independent of parents might increase their health autonomy, agency, and prevent awkward conversations about sex. Furthermore, a path model revealed that fears of parental reaction and poor self-efficacy to communicate with parents about PrEP significantly contributed to participants feeling PrEP was not “right” for them, and as a corollary, less interest in starting PrEP. The study suggests that improving parental knowledge of PrEP and encouraging parents to begin the conversation about PrEP could help increase uptake in AMSM.

Resumen

El Profilaxis de preexposición (PrEP) ha sido aprobado por la US FDA como una estrategia efectiva para la prevención del VIH en adolescentes. Las barreras de esta población para el uso de PrEP son únicas, ya que padres y proveedores pueden controlar su acceso. Para entender mejor la influencia que tienen los padres en las actitudes de los adolescentes hacia PrEP, se llevó a cabo una encuesta con 491 adolescentes (13–18) que tienen sexo con otros hombres. Medimos la percepción de apoyo parental hacia el uso PrEP, reacciones hipotéticas de los padres al enterarse de su uso y aspectos positivo y negativos de tomar PrEP sin el conocimiento de los padres. La mayoría de los adolescentes indicó haber escuchado de PrEP y que sus padres no los apoyarían si quisieran tomarlo. Los participantes reportaron que sus padres reaccionarían con coraje, acusaciones y castigos al enterarse del uso de PrEP. También reportaron que acceder a PrEP sin sus padres podría aumentar su autonomía, su agencia y prevenir conversaciones incómodas acerca del sexo. Un análisis de ruta reveló que el miedo a la reacción de sus padres y poca auto-eficacia para comunicarse con sus padres acerca de PrEP, contribuyen significativamente a que los participantes sientan que PrEP no es adecuado para ellos y tengan menos interés en comenzar a tomar PrEP. Nuestro estudio sugiere que mejorar el conocimiento de los padres acerca de PrEP y fomentar la comunicación entre padres y adolescentes acerca del mismo puede aumentar el consumo de PrEP en adolescentes que tienen sexo con otros hombres.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (U01MD011281; PI: B. Mustanski). The sponsor had no involvement in the conduct of the research or the preparation of the article. We would like to thank all of the staff across Northwestern University, University of Puerto Rico, Hunter College of the City University of New York, and North Carolina State University for their hard work. Finally, we would like to thank all of the participants in SMART for their time and commitment to the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Avenue, Floor 14, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA

    David A. Moskowitz, Kathryn Macapagal, Melissa Mongrella, Michael E. Newcomb & Brian Mustanski

  2. Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    David A. Moskowitz, Kathryn Macapagal, Michael E. Newcomb & Brian Mustanski

  3. Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research, Outreach and Advocacy Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Leishla Pérez-Cardona

  4. Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Leishla Pérez-Cardona

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  1. David A. Moskowitz
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Correspondence to Brian Mustanski.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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This study (STU No. 00201997) was granted a waiver of parental consent and waiver of written consent by the institutional review board at Northwestern University.

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Moskowitz, D.A., Macapagal, K., Mongrella, M. et al. What If My Dad Finds Out!?: Assessing Adolescent Men Who Have Sex with Men’s Perceptions About Parents as Barriers to PrEP Uptake. AIDS Behav 24, 2703–2719 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02827-z

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