Abstract
On percolating water equivalent to 1,156 mm of rainfall, spiromesifen formulation did not leach out of 25-cm long columns, and 62.7 % of this was recovered in 5–10-cm soil depth. In columns treated with the analytical grade, 52.40 % of the recovered spiromesifen was confined to 0–5-cm soil depth, with 0.04 % in leachate fraction, suggesting high adsorption in soil. Results revealed that percolating 400 mL of water, residues of enol metabolite of spiromesifen was detected up to 20–25-cm soil layer, with 23.50 % residues of spiromesifen in this layer and 1.73 % in the leachate fraction indicating that metabolite is more mobile as compared to the parent compound. Results suggested a significant reduction in leaching losses of enol metabolite in amended soil columns with 5 % nano clay, farmyard manure (FYM), and vermicompost. No enol spiromesifen was recovered in the leachate in columns amended with nano clay, vermicompost, and FYM; however, 85.30, 70.5, and 65.40 %, respectively, was recovered from 0–5 cm-soil depth of column after percolating water equivalent to 1,156 mm of rainfall. Spiromesifen formulation is less mobile in sandy loam soil than analytical grade spiromesifen. The metabolite, enol spiromesifen, is relatively more mobile than the parent compound and may leach into groundwater. The study suggested that amendments were very effective in reducing the downward mobility of enol metabolite in soil column. Further, it resulted in greater retention of enol metabolite in the amendment application zone.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the Director and Joint Director Research IARI, New Delhi-110012 for the support and for providing the facilities for the research work. Ch. Jamkhokai Mate is grateful to the Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi, for the financial assistance. Contribution No. 1145, Division of Agricultural Chemicals, IARI, New Delhi.
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Mate, C.J., Mukherjee, I. & Das, S.K. Mobility of spiromesifen in packed soil columns under laboratory conditions. Environ Monit Assess 186, 7195–7202 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3920-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3920-5