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Management of Cultural Heritage Sites Using Remote Sensing Indices and Spatial Analysis Techniques

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Abstract

Sustainable management and exploitation policies as well as suitable conservation and mitigation strategies are mandatory to preserve cultural heritage and to reduce threats, weathering phenomena, and human actions that may produce significant deterioration and alteration of cultural heritage and “its environment”. In this context, remote sensing technologies can offer useful data to timely update information and documentation and set up reliable tools for systematic monitoring of cultural properties. In this study, multi-temporal and multi-sensor satellite data from Corona, Landsat, Spot, Quickbird, and Sentinel-2A have been exploited along with spatial analysis to investigate the area of the Theban temples at west Luxor (Egypt), severely threatened by uncontrolled urban sprawl. The results from our analyses showed that the urban expansion continuously occurred during the whole investigated period causing an increasing in urban areas around (1) 1.316 km2 from 1967 to 1984, (2) 1.705 km2 from 1984 to 2000, (3) 0.978 km2 from 2000 to 2003, (4) 2.314 km2 from 2003 to 2011, and (5) 1.377 km2 from 2011 to 2017. The random urban expansion caused bad sewage networks and high groundwater depth which in turn affected the archaeological areas directly (as evident on a landscape view) and indirectly by causing changes (growing) in the level of ground water depth and increasing and accelerating weathering phenomena. The quantification and mapping of urban sprawl enabled us not only to quantify and spatially characterize urban sprawl but also to create a model to mitigate the impact and provide some operational recommendations to protect the archaeological site. Outcomes from our analysis pointed out that today the tremendous availability of advanced remote sensing data has opened new prospectives unthinkable several years ago.

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Acknowledgements

This study is a part of the Ph.D. thesis of Mr. Abdelaziz Elfadaly. The authors of the study would like to express their regards and appreciation to National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space sciences (NARSS) in Cairo, Egypt, for supporting the study with the purchasing data (Quickbird and Spot). Thanks are also given to CNR and UNIBAS for the support and for funding the publication. On the other hand, thanks are also given to the Egyptian cultural affairs mission sector for funding the Ph.D. thesis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Italian National Council Research, C.da Santa Loja, Tito Scalo, 85050, Potenza, Italy

    Abdelaziz Elfadaly & Rosa Lasaponara

  2. National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences, Cairo, 1564, Egypt

    Abdelaziz Elfadaly & Wael Attia

  3. Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, University of Basilicata, 75100, Matera, Italy

    Abdelaziz Elfadaly

  4. Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417853933, Iran

    Mohamad Molaei Qelichi

  5. School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy

    Beniamino Murgante

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  1. Abdelaziz Elfadaly
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Correspondence to Abdelaziz Elfadaly.

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Elfadaly, A., Attia, W., Qelichi, M.M. et al. Management of Cultural Heritage Sites Using Remote Sensing Indices and Spatial Analysis Techniques. Surv Geophys 39, 1347–1377 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-018-9489-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-018-9489-8

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