Abstract
This study aimed at testing the efficacy of an integrative intervention to prevent adolescent problem gambling acting on a multidimensional set of factors including gambling related knowledge and misconceptions, economic perception of gambling, and superstitious thinking. A pre- and post-test design was performed with 181 Italian adolescents (64 % boys; Mean age = 15.95) randomly assigned to two groups (Training and No Training). Results revealed that the intervention was effective in improving correct knowledge about gambling and reducing misconceptions, perception of gambling’s profitability, and superstitious thinking. Except for misconceptions, these effects were obtained both in participants who were classified as Non-problem and At-Risk/Problem gamblers at the beginning of the intervention. Findings attested also that the training effects were stable over time, and that some changes in gambling behavior were produced. Findings were discussed referring to indications for future research aiming at confirming and extending the present results.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
School principals’ agreement was given under the condition that the majority of the students participated to the training. Thus, only one class per school (randomly selected) was assigned to the No Training group.
Due to the relative shortness of time between the training and the post-test, the SOGS-RA was not administered in the post-test. Moreover, in completing the SOGS-RA, participants had to refer to the last 6 months to investigate changes in gambling habits.
References
American Psychiatric Association (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (3rd ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
Blaszczynski, A., Ladoucer, F., & Shaffer, H. J. (2004). A science-based framework for responsible gambling: The Reno model. Journal of Gambling Studies, 20, 301–317. doi:10.1023/B:JOGS.0000040281.49444.e2.
Blinn-Pike, L., Worthy, S. L., & Jonkman, J. N. (2010). Adolescent gambling: A review of an emerging field of research. Journal of Adolescent Health, 47, 223–236. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.05.003.
Capitanucci, D., Smaniotto, R., & Biganzoli, A. (2010). La prevenzione del gioco d’azzardo problematico negli adolescenti attraverso l’adattamento del video Lucky. Quaderno Italiani di Psichiatria, 29, 30–39. doi:10.1016/j.quip.2010.04.002.
Chiesi, F., Donati, M. A., Galli, S., & Primi, C. (2013). The suitability of the SOGS-RA as screening tool: Item response theory-based evidence. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27(1), 287–293. doi:10.1037/a0029987.
Chiesi, F., Donati, M. A., Papi, C., & Primi, C. (2010). Misurare il pensiero superstizioso nei bambini: Validità e attendibilità della Superstitious Thinking Scale. Età Evolutiva, 97, 9–19.
Chiu, J., & Storm, L. (2010). Personality, perceived luck and gambling attitudes as predictors of gambling involvement. Journal of Gambling Studies, 26, 205–227. doi:10.1007/s10899-009-9160-x.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Colasante, E., Gori, M., Bastiani, L., Scalese, M., Siciliano, V., & Molinaro, S. (2013). Italian adolescent gambling behaviour: Psychometric evaluation of the South Oaks gambling screen—Revised for adolescents (SOGS-RA) among a sample of Italian students. Journal of Gambling Studies,. doi:10.1007/s10899-013-9385-6.
Delfabbro, P. (2004). The stubborn logic of regular gamblers: Obstacles and dilemmas in cognitive gambling research. Journal of Gambling Studies, 20, 1–21.
Delfabbro, P., Lahn, J., & Grabosky, P. (2006). It’s not what you know, but how you use it: Statistical knowledge and adolescent problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 22, 179–193. doi:10.1007/s10899-006-9009-5.
Delfabbro, P., Lambos, C., King, D., & Puglies, S. (2009). Knowledge and beliefs about gambling in Australian secondary school students and their implications for education strategies. Journal of Gambling Studies, 25, 523–539. doi:10.1007/s10899-009-9141-0.
Delfabbro, P., & Thrupp, L. (2003). The social determinants of youth gambling in South Australian adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 26, 313–330. doi:10.1016/S0140-1971(03)00013-7.
Derevensky, J. L., Sklar, A., Gupta, R., & Messerlian, C. (2010). An empirical study examining the impact of gambling advertisements on adolescent gambling attitudes and behaviors. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 8, 21–34. doi:10.1007/s11469-009-9211-7.
Dickson-Gillispie, L., Rugle, L., Rosenthal, R., & Fong, T. (2008). Preventing the incidence and harm of gambling problems. Journal of Primary Prevention, 29, 37–55. doi:10.1007/s10935-008-0126-z.
Donati, M. A., Chiesi, F., & Primi, C. (2013). A model to explain at risk/problem gambling among male and female adolescents: Gender similarities and differences. Journal of Adolescence, 36, 129–137. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.10.001.
Ferland, F., Ladoucer, R., & Vitaro, F. (2002). Prevention of problem gambling: Modifying misconceptions and increasing knowledge. Journal of Gambling Studies, 18, 19–29.
Ferland, F., Ladouceur, R., & Vitaro, F. (2005). Efficiency of a gambling prevention program for youths: Results from the pilot study. Encephale, 31, 427–436.
Gaboury, A., & Ladouceur, R. (1993). Evaluation of a prevention program for pathological gambling among adolescents. Journal of Primary Prevention, 14, 21–28.
Gilovich, T., Griffin, D., & Kahneman, D. (2002). Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Gupta, R., Derevenksy, J. L., & Marget, N. (2004). Coping strategies employed by adolescents with gambling problems. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 9(3), 115–120.
Gupta, R., & Derevensky, J. L. (2000). Adolescents with gambling problems. From research to treatment. Journal of Gambling Studies, 16, 315–342.
Klaczynski, P. A. (2004). A dual-process model of adolescent development: Implications for decision making, reasoning, and identity. In R. V. Kail (Ed.), Advances in child development and behavior (pp. 73–123). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Kokis, J. V., MacPherson, R., Toplak, M. E., West, R. F., & Stanovich, K. E. (2002). Heuristic and analytic processing: Age trends and associations with cognitive ability and cognitive styles. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 83, 26–52.
Ladouceur, R. (2001). Conceptual issues in screening and diagnostic instruments: Implications for treatment and prevention of gambling disorders. Paper presented at the Toward Meaningful Diagnosis of Gambling Disorders: From theory to practice conference, Las Vegas, Nevada.
Ladouceur, R., Ferland, F., & Vitaro, F. (2004). Prevention of problem gambling: Modifying misconceptions and increasing knowledge among youths. Journal of Primary Prevention, 25, 329–336.
Ladouceur, R., Ferland, F., Vitaro, F., & Pelletier, O. (2005). Modifying youths’ perception toward pathological gamblers. Addictive Behaviors, 30, 351–354.
Ladouceur, R., & Walker, M. (1998). The cognitive approach to understanding and treating pathological gambling. In A. S. Bellack & M. Hersen (Eds.), Comprehensive clinical psychology (pp. 588–601). Oxford: Pergamon.
Lavoie, M. P. & Ladouceur, R. (2004). Prevention of gambling among youth: Increasing knowledge and modifying attitudes toward gambling. eGambling: The Electronic Journal of Gambling Issues, 10, 1–10.
Ninness, H. A. C., & Ninness, S. K. (1998). Superstitious math performance: Interactions between rule-governed and scheduled contingencies. The Psychological Record, 48, 45–62.
Poulin, C. (2000). Problem gambling among adolescent students in the Atlantic provinces of Canada. Journal of Gambling Studies, 16, 53–78.
Poulin, C. (2002). An assessment of the validity and reliability of the SOGS-RA. Journal of Gambling Studies, 18, 67–93.
Primi, C., & Chiesi, F. (2011). The role of relevant knowledge and cognitive ability in gambler fallacy. In The 7th congress of the european society for research in mathematics education (CERME). Rzeszów, Poland. http://www.cerme7.univ.rzeszow.pl/WG/5/CERME_Primi-Chiesi.pdf.
Primi, C., Donati, M., Bellini, I., Busdraghi, C., & Chiesi, F. (2013). Measuring the attitude towards the profitability of gambling: Psychometrics properties of the gambling attitude scale. Bollettino di Psicologia Applicata, 266, 49–58.
Splevins, K., Mireskandari, S., Clayton, K., & Blaszczynski, A. (2010). Prevalence of adolescent problem gambling, related harms and help-seeking behaviours among an Australian population. Journal of Gambling Studies, 26, 189–204. doi:10.1007/s10899-009-9169-1.
Taylor, L. M., & Hillyard, P. (2009). Gambling awareness for youth: An analysis of the “Don’t Gamble Away our Future™” program. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 7, 250–261. doi:10.1007/s11469-008-9184-y.
Turner, N. E., Macdonald, J., Bartoshuk, M., & Zangeneh, M. (2008a). Adolescent gambling behaviour, attitudes, and gambling problems. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 6, 223–237. doi:10.1007/s11469-007-9117-1.
Turner, N. E., Macdonald, J., Bartoshuk, M., & Zangeneh, M. (2008b). The evaluation of a 1-h prevention program for problem gambling. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 6, 238–243. doi:10.1007/s11469-007-9121-5.
Turner, N. E., Macdonald, J., & Somerset, M. (2008c). Life skills, mathematical reasoning and critical thinking: A curriculum for the prevention of problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 24, 367–380. doi:10.1007/s10899-007-9085-1.
Tversky, A. (1974). Assessing uncertainty. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 36, 148–159.
Welte, J. W., Barnes, G. M., Tidwell, M. C. O., & Hoffman, J. H. (2009). The association of form of gambling with problem gambling among American youth. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23(1), 105–112. doi:10.1037/a0013536.
Williams, R. J., West, B., & Simpson, R. (2007). Prevention of problem gambling. In G. Smith, D. Hodgins, & R. J. Williams (Eds.), Research and measurement issues in gambling studies (pp. 399–435). San Diego, CA: Elsevier.
Williams, R. J., West, B., & Simpson, R. (2008). Prevention of problem gambling: A comprehensive review of the evidence 2008. Report prepared for the Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. (Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10133/414).
Williams, R. J., Wood, R. T., & Currie, S. R. (2010). Stacked deck: An effective, school-based program for the prevention of problem gambling. Journal of Primary Prevention, 31, 109–125. doi:10.1007/s10935-010-0212-x.
Winters, K. C., Stinchfield, R. D., & Fulkerson, J. (1993). Toward the development of an adolescent gambling problem severity scale. Journal of Gambling Studies, 9, 63–84.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Donati, M.A., Primi, C. & Chiesi, F. Prevention of Problematic Gambling Behavior Among Adolescents: Testing the Efficacy of an Integrative Intervention. J Gambl Stud 30, 803–818 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-013-9398-1
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-013-9398-1