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Recent Advances in the Production, Recovery and Applications of Polyhydroxyalkanoates

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Abstract

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable and biocompatible polyesters that can potentially replace certain plastics derived from petroleum. PHAs can be produced using a combination of renewable feedstocks and biological methods. Native and recombinant microorganisms have been generally used for making PHAs via fermentation processes. As much as 90 % of the microbial dry mass may accumulate as PHAs. A range of PHAs has been produced using fermentation methods, including copolymers and block copolymers. Alternative production schemes based on genetically modified plants are becoming established and may become the preferred route for producing certain PHAs. Production in plants is likely to be inexpensive compared to production by fermentation, but it does not appear to be as versatile as microbial synthesis in terms of the range of products that may be generated. Cell-free enzymatic production of PHAs in vitro is receiving increasing attention and may become the preferred route to some specialty products. This review discusses the recent advances in production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by the various methods. Methods of recovering the polymer from microbial biomass are reviewed. Established and emerging applications of PHAs are discussed.

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Abbreviations

ATRP:

Atom transfer radical polymerization

CALB:

Candida antarctica lipase B

CSTR:

Continuous stirred tank reactor

DO:

Dissolved oxygen

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DW:

Dry weight

cPHB:

Complexed poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate

EDTA:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

FNL:

Fervidobacterium nodosum lipase (FNL)

HACoA:

HydroxyalkanoylCoA

HB:

Hydroxybutyrate

3HB:

3-Hydroxybutyrate, or 3-hydroxybutyric acid

4-HB:

4-Hydroxybutyrate

HEC:

Hydroxyethyl cellulose

HEMA:

2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate

HHx:

Hydroxyhexanoate

HOPG:

Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite

HV:

Hydroxyvelarate

mcl-PHA:

Medium-chain-length PHA

NAD+ :

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NADH:

Reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

P3HB3HV:

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)

PANi:

Polyalanine

PCL:

ε-Caprolactone, or polycaprolactone

PDH:

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

PDL:

ω-Pentadecalactone

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PEO:

Polyethylene oxide

PHA:

Polyhydroxyalkanoates

PHB:

Polyhydroxybutyric acid

PHBHHx:

Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate

PHBV:

Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate

PHBVHHx:

Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-b-3-hydroxyvalerate-b-3-hydroxyhexanoate

PHF:

Polyhistidine

PHO:

Poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate

PLA:

Polylactide

PNIPAAm:

Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)

RAFT:

Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer

(R)-LATP:

Thiophenyl (R)-lactate

(R)-3HBTP:

Thiophenyl (R)-3-hydroxylbutyrate

scCO2 :

Supercritical carbon dioxide

SDS:

Sodium dodecylsulfate

TMC:

Trimethylene carbonate

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Acknowledgments

University of Malaya is acknowledged for supporting this work through the research grants RG165-11AFR and UM.C/625/1/HIR/MOHE/05.

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  1. Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    A. M. Gumel & M. S. M. Annuar

  2. School of Engineering, PN 456, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand

    Y. Chisti

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Gumel, A.M., Annuar, M.S.M. & Chisti, Y. Recent Advances in the Production, Recovery and Applications of Polyhydroxyalkanoates. J Polym Environ 21, 580–605 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-012-0527-1

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