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Evaluation of Soil Re-mineralizer from By-Product of Volcanic Rock Mining: Experimental Proof Using Black Oats and Maize Crops

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Abstract

This study was focused on physical, petrographical, mineralogical, and chemical characterization of a volcanic-rock mining by-product (dacite rock), as well as on greenhouse experiment with black oats and maize crops to evaluate the potential use of the by-product as soil re-mineralizer. The by-product sample was obtained from a quarry in the Nova Prata mining district in southern Brazil. The particle size distribution of the by-product and soil was determined by sieving. Dacite rock petrographic description was performed on a polished thin section by optical microscopy. The soil and dacite rock mineralogical phases were identified by X-ray diffraction. The by-product and soil chemical composition was determined by X-ray fluorescence. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was performed to determine potentially toxic elements, As, Cd, Hg and Pb in by-product. Additional chemical compositions of the by-product and soil were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray detector. Black oats and, sequentially maize, crops were cultivated in a typical Hapludox soil treated with the by-product in a greenhouse. Five by-product doses (0, 906, 1813, 3625, and 7251 kg ha−1) were added into pots containing soil, each with seven replications. Responses to treatments were evaluated from dry matter production, nutritional status of the crops, and in the changes in soil properties after 70 days of each cultivation. The results showed that the by-product is composed of plagioclase, K-feldspar, quartz, clinopyroxene, smectites, and opaque minerals with apatite as accessory mineral. The addition of 3625 and 7251 kg ha−1 doses of the by-product substantially increased the dry matter yield in maize leaves. The Ca uptake by maize leaves cultivated in soil with 7251 kg ha−1 dose of the by-product was significantly higher in soil with other doses, and all by-product doses promoted high concentrations of Mg and Ca. The accumulated amounts of Ca, K, Mg and P indicated that they were enough to supply maize nutritional needs. Improvements in soil properties, such as high levels of Ca, K and P and low levels of exchangeable Al and Al saturation were observed. The results of the study suggest that the by-product can be used as soil re-mineralizer. The dacite rock by-product studied here has potential to be an environmental solution to soil fertilization problem because it does not require chemical processing and can be used as it is mined.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Geologists Magda Bergmann and Andrea Sander by important contributions in this research; to Agronomic Engineer Carlos Augusto Posser Silveira for the agronomic orientations; to Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), Edital 014/2012—BMT for financial support; to the Sindicato da Indústria de Extração de Pedreiras de Nova Prata for the supply of rock samples; and especially to James Hower for editing.

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  1. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Prédio 75, Sala 122, Campus do Vale, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 91501-970, Brazil

    Claudete Gindri Ramos, Diego dos Santos de Medeiros & Ivo André Homrich Schneider

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 15 58 #55–66, Barranquilla, Colombia

    Leandro Gomez & Luis Felipe Silva Oliveira

  3. Faculdade Meridional IMED, Senador Pinheiro 304, Passo Fundo, RS, 99070-220, Brazil

    Luis Felipe Silva Oliveira

  4. Universidade La Salle, Victor Barreto, 2288 Centro, Canoas, RS, 92010-000, Brazil

    Rubens Muller Kautzmann

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  1. Claudete Gindri Ramos
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Ramos, C.G., dos Santos de Medeiros, D., Gomez, L. et al. Evaluation of Soil Re-mineralizer from By-Product of Volcanic Rock Mining: Experimental Proof Using Black Oats and Maize Crops. Nat Resour Res 29, 1583–1600 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09529-x

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