Abstract
This article presents a new identification procedure to detect pulse-like ground motion based on the S-transform. The S-transform is utilized as an effective tool for time-frequency representation of ground motions. It is shown that plots of the S-transform in the time-frequency domain named as the S-feature provide useful information for initial detection of pulses in the velocity time history of the ground motions. To perfect identification of pulse-like motions, a method is presented for extraction of pulses from original ground motions based on the convolution theorem. The proposed procedure is applied for classification of pulse-like near-fault ground motions owing to directivity effects in a data set of selective earthquakes. The period of velocity pulses, as an important parameter in structural engineering, is also determined from extracted pulses. The results of this study provide a suitable platform for selecting pulse-like records, when seismic analyses of structures in near-fault areas are of primary interest.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aki K (1968) Seismic displacement near a fault. J Geophys Res 73:5359–5376
Alavi B, Krawinkler H (2001) Effects of near-fault ground motions on frame structures. Blume Center Report 138. Stanford, California, p 301
Anderson JC, Bertero VV (1987) Uncertainties in establishing design earthquakes. J Struct Eng 113(8):1709–1724
Baker JW (2007) Quantitative classification of near-fault ground motions using wavelet analysis. Bull Seismol Soc Am 97:1486–1501
BHRC (2004) The Urgent Preliminary report on Bam earthquake of Dec. 26, 2003. Building and Housing Research Centre, Iran
Bray JD, Rodriguez-Marek A (2004) Characterization of forward directivity ground motions in the near-fault region. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 24(11):815–828
Dai JW, Tong M, Lee GC, Qi XZ (2004) Dynamic responses under the excitation of pulse sequences. Earthq Eng Eng Vib 3(2):157–169
Ditommaso R, Mucciarelli M, Ponzo FC (2010) S-Transform based filter applied to the analysis of non-linear dynamic behaviour of soil and buildings. In: Proceedings of 14th European conference on earthquake engineering, Republic of Macedonia, Ohrid
Ditommaso R, Mucciarelli M, Ponzo FC (2012) Analysis of non-stationary structural systems by using a band-variable filter. Bull Earthq Eng 10(3):895–911
Douglas A (1997) Bandpass filtering to reduce noise on seismograms: is there a better way? Bull Seismol Soc Am 87(3):770–777
Hall JF, Heaton TH, Halling MW, Wald DJ (1995) Near source ground motion and its effects on flexible buildings. Earthq Spectra 11(4):569–605
Haskell NA (1969) Elastic displacements in the near—field of propagating fault. Bull Seismol Soc Am 59(2):865–908
Kalkan E, Kunnath SK (2006) Effects of fling-step and forward directivity on the seismic response of buildings. Earthq Spectra 22(2):367–390
Mavroeidis GP, Papageorgiou AS (2000) Analysis and simulation of the near-source motion recorded at Aigion during the Ms—6.2, 15 June 1995 Aigion earthquake (Greece). In: Proceedings of the sixth international conference on seismic zonation (6ICSZ), Palm Springs, California, pp 12–15
Mavroeidis GP, Papageorgiou AS (2003) A mathematical representation of near-fault ground motions. Bul Seism Soc Am 93(3):1099–1131
Mavroeidis GP, Dong G, Papageorgiou AS (2004) Nearfault ground motions, and the response of elastic and inelastic single degree of-freedom (SDOF) systems. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 33(9):1023–1049
Mena B, Mai PM (2011) Selection and quantification of near-fault velocity pulses owing to source directivity. Georisk 5(1):25–43
Menun CA, Fu Q (2002) An analytical model for near-fault ground motions and the response of SDOF systems. In: Proceedings of the 7th US national conference on earthquake engineering, Boston
Mylonakis G, Reinhorn AM (2001) Yielding oscillator under triangular ground acceleration pulse. J Earthq Eng 5:225–251
Parolai S (2009) Denoising of seismograms using the S transform. Bull Seismol Soc Am 99(1):226–234
Sasani M, and Bertero VV (2000) Importance of severe pulse-type ground motions in performance-based engineering: historical and critical review. In: Proceedings of the 12th world conference on earthquake engineering (12WCEE), Auckland
Shoja-Taheri J, Anderson JG (1988) The 1978 Tabas, Iran, earthquake: an interpretation of the strong motion records. Bul Seism Soc Am 78(1):142–171
Somerville PG (1997) The characteristics and quantification of near fault ground motion. In: Proceedings of the FHWA/NCEER workshop on the national representation of seismic ground motion for new and existing highway facilities. Technical Report No. NCEER-97-0010
Somerville PG (2003) Magnitude scaling of the near fault rupture directivity pulse. Phys Earth Planet Int 137(1–4):201–212
Stockwell RG, Mansinha L, Lowe RP (1996) Localization of the complex spectrum: the S transform. IEEE Trans Signal Process 44(4):998–1001
Talebian M, Fielding EJ, Funning GJ, Ghorashi M, Jackson J, Nazari H, Parsons B, Priestley K, Rosen PA, Walker R, Wright TJ (2004) The 2003 Bam (Iran) earthquake: rupture of a blind strike-slip fault. Geophys Res Lett 31(11):506–526
Zhang Y, Iwan WD (2002) Active interaction control of tall buildings subjected to near-field ground motions. J Struct Eng ASCE 128:69–79
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ghaffarzadeh, H. A classification method for pulse-like ground motions based on S-transform. Nat Hazards 84, 335–350 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2421-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2421-y