Photosynthetica 2017, 55(1):164-175 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-016-0239-1

Photosynthetic acclimation and leaf traits of Stipa bungeana in response to elevated CO2 under five different watering conditions

H. Wang1,2, G. S. Zhou3,*, Y. L. Jiang1, Y. H. Shi3, Z. Z. Xu1
1 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
3 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China

Although plant performance under elevated CO2 (EC) and drought has been extensively studied, little is known about the leaf traits and photosynthetic performance of Stipa bungeana under EC and a water deficiency gradient. In order to investigate the effects of EC, watering, and their combination, S. bungeana seedlings were exposed to two CO2 regimes (ambient, CA: 390 ppm; elevated, EC: 550 ppm) and five levels of watering (-30%, -15%, control, +15%, +30%) from 1 June to 31 August in 2011, where the control water level was 240 mm. Gas exchange and leaf traits were measured after 90-d treatments. Gas-exchange characteristics, measured at the growth CA, indicated that EC significantly decreased the net photosynthetic rate (P N), water-use efficiency, nitrogen concentration based on mass, chlorophyll and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, while increased stomatal conductance (g s), intercellular CO2 concentration (C i), dark respiration, photorespiration, carbon concentration based on mass, C/N ratio, and leaf water potential. Compared to the effect of EC, watering showed an opposite trend only in case of P N. The combination of both factors showed little influence on these physiological indicators, except for g s, C i, and MDA content. Photosynthetic acclimation to EC was attributed to the N limitation, C sink/source imbalance, and the decline of photosynthetic activity. The watering regulated photosynthesis through both stomatal and nonstomatal mechanisms. Our study also revealed that the effects of EC on photosynthesis were larger than those on respiration and did not compensate for the adverse effects of drought, suggesting that a future warm and dry climate might be unfavorable to S. bungeana. However, the depression of the growth of S. bungeana caused by EC was time-dependent at a smaller temporal scale.

Additional key words: climate change; carbon balance; gas exchange; respiration; chlorophyll fluorescence

Received: December 15, 2015; Accepted: April 29, 2016; Published: March 1, 2017  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Wang, H., Zhou, G.S., Jiang, Y.L., Shi, Y.H., & Xu, Z.Z. (2017). Photosynthetic acclimation and leaf traits of Stipa bungeana in response to elevated CO2 under five different watering conditions. Photosynthetica, 55(1), 164-175. doi: 10.1007/s11099-016-0239-1
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    Supplementary files

    Download filephs-201701-0017_S1.pdf

    File size: 313.46 kB

    Download filephs-201701-0017_S2.pdf

    File size: 260.18 kB

    Download filephs-201701-0017_S3.pdf

    File size: 267.04 kB

    Download filephs-201701-0017_S4.pdf

    File size: 250.77 kB

    Download filephs-201701-0017_S5.pdf

    File size: 274.71 kB

    References

    1. Ainsworth E.A., Long S.P.: What have we learned from 15 years of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)? A meta-analytic review of the responses of photosynthesis, canopy properties and plant production to rising CO2. - New Phytol. 165: 351-372, 2005. Go to original source...
    2. Ainsworth E.A., Rogers A.: The response of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance to rising CO2: mechanisms and environmental interactions. - Plant Cell Environ. 30: 258-270, 2007. Go to original source...
    3. Albert K.R., Ro-Poulsen H., Mikkelsen T.N. et al.: Interactive effects of elevated CO2, warming, and drought on photosynthesis of Deschampsia flexuosa in a temperate heath ecosystem. - C J. Exp. Bot. 62: 4253-4266, 2011. Go to original source...
    4. Aranjuelo I., Cabrera-Bosquet L., Morcuende R. et al.: Does ear C sink strength contribute to overcoming photosynthetic acclimation of wheat plants exposed to elevated CO2? - C J. Exp. Bot. 62: 3957-3969, 2011. Go to original source...
    5. Aranjuelo I., Sanz-Sáez A., Jauregui I. et al.: Harvest index, a parameter conditioning responsiveness of wheat plants to elevated CO2. - C J. Exp. Bot. 64: 1879-1892, 2013. Go to original source...
    6. Atkin O.K., Macherel D.: The crucial role of plant mitochondria in orchestrating drought tolerance. - Ann. Bot.-London 103: 581-597, 2009. Go to original source...
    7. Biswas D.K., Xu H., Li Y.G. et al.: Modification of photosynthesis and growth responses to elevated CO2 by ozone in two cultivars of winter wheat with different years of release. - C J. Exp. Bot. 64: 1485-1496, 2013. Go to original source...
    8. Bonan G.B.: Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests. - Science 320: 1444-1449, 2008. Go to original source...
    9. Bunce J.A.: Short-term and long-term inhibition of respiratory carbon-dioxide efflux by elevated carbon-dioxide. - Ann. Bot. 65: 637-642, 1990. Go to original source...
    10. Cakmak I., Horst W.J.: Effect of aluminum on lipid-peroxidation, superoxide-dismutase, catalase and peroxidase-activities in root-tips of soybean (Glycine max). - Plant Physiol. 83: 463-468. 1991. Go to original source...
    11. Chaves M.M.: Effects of water deficits on carbon assimilation. - C J. Exp. Bot. 42: 1-16, 1991. Go to original source...
    12. Cheng J., Hu T.M., Cheng J.M. et al.: Distribution of biomass and diversity of Stipa bungeana community to climatic factors in the Loess Plateau of northwestern China. - Afr. J. Biotechnol. 9: 6733-6739, 2010.
    13. Cox P.M.: Description of the "TRIFFID" Dynamic Global Vegetation Model. Pp. 17. Hadley Technical Note 24 Bracknell 2001.
    14. Clifford S.C., Stronach I.M., Black C.R. et al.: Effects of elevated CO2, drought and temperature on the water relations and gas exchange of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) stands grown in controlled environment glasshouses. - Physiol. Plantarum 110: 78-88, 2000. Go to original source...
    15. Crous K.Y., Walters M.B., Ellsworth D.S.: Elevated CO2 concentration affects leaf photosynthesis-nitrogen relationships in Pinus taeda over nine years in FACE. - Tree Physiol. 28: 607-614, 2008. Go to original source...
    16. Crous K.Y., Zaragoza-Castells J., Löw M. et al.: Seasonal acclimation of leaf respiration in Eucalyptus saligna trees: impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 and summer drought. - Glob. Change Biol. 17: 1560-1567, 2011. Go to original source...
    17. da Silva J.M., Arrabaca M.C.: Photosynthesis in the waterstressed C4 grass Setaria sphacelata is mainly limited by stomata with both rapidly and slowly imposed water deficits. - Physiol. Plantarum 121: 409-420, 2004. Go to original source...
    18. Duan H., Duursma R.A., Huang G. et al.: Elevated CO2 does not ameliorate the negative effects of elevated temperature on drought-induced mortality in Eucalyptus radiata seedlings. - Plant Cell Environ. 37: 1598-1613, 2014. Go to original source...
    19. Edwards C.E., Ewers B.E., McClung C.R. et al.: Quantitative variation in water-use efficiency across water regimes and its relationship with circadian, vegetative, reproductive, and leaf gas-exchange traits. - Mol. Plant 5: 653-668, 2012. Go to original source...
    20. Ellsworth D.S., Reich P.B., Naumburg E.S. et al.: Photosynthesis, carboxylation and leaf nitrogen responses of 16 species to elevated pCO2 across four free-air CO2 enrichment experiments in forest, grassland and desert. - Glob. Change Biol. 10: 2121-2138, 2004. Go to original source...
    21. Erice G., Irigoyen J.J., Pérez P. et al.: Effect of elevated CO2, temperature and drought on dry matter partitioning and photosynthesis before and after cutting of nodulated alfalfa. - Plant Sci. 170: 1059-1067, 2006. Go to original source...
    22. Flexas J., Medrano H.: Drought-inhibition of photosynthesis in C3 plants: stomatal and non-stomatal limitations revisited. - Ann. Bot.-London 89: 183-189, 2002. Go to original source...
    23. Galmés J., Ribas-Carbó M., Medrano H. et al.: Response of leaf respiration to water stress in Mediterranean species with different growth forms. - C J. Arid Environ. 68: 206-222, 2007. Go to original source...
    24. Gao Q., Zhang X.S.: A simulation study of responses of the Northeast China Transect to elevated CO2 and climate change. - Ecol. Appl. 7: 470-483, 1997. Go to original source...
    25. Germ M., Kreft I., Stibilj V. et al.: Combined effects of selenium and drought on photosynthesis and mitochondrial respiration in potato. - Plant Physiol. Bioch. 45: 162-167, 2007. Go to original source...
    26. Ghannoum O.: C4 photosynthesis and water stress. - Ann. Bot.- London 103: 635-644, 2009. Go to original source...
    27. Giméno T.E., Sommerville K., Valladares F., Atkin O.K.: Homeostasis of respiration under drought and its important consequences for foliar carbon balance in a drier climate: insights from two contrasting Acacia species. - Funct. Plant Biol. 37: 323-333, 2010. Go to original source...
    28. Hernández J.A., Almansa M.S.: Short-term effects of salt stress on antioxidant systems and leaf water relations of leaves. - Physiol. Plantarum 115: 251-257, 2002. Go to original source...
    29. Hooper D.U., Adair E.C., Cardinale B.J. et al.: A global synthesis reveals biodiversity loss as a major driver of ecosystem change. - Nature 486: 105-108, 2012. Go to original source...
    30. Hovenden, M.J., Newton P.C.D., Wills K.E.: Seasonal not annual rainfall determines grassland biomass response to carbon dioxide. - Nature 511: 583-586, 2014. Go to original source...
    31. Huntington T.G.: Evidence for intensification of the global water cycle: review and synthesis. - C J. Hydrol. 319: 83-95, 2006. Go to original source...
    32. IPCC: Summary for policymakers. - In: Edenhofer O, Pichs- Madruga R, Sokona Y et al. (ed.): Climate Change 2014. Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Pp. 25, 77-78. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge 2014.
    33. Irigoyen J.J., Goicoechea N., Antolín M.C. et al.: Growth, photosynthetic acclimation and yield quality in legumes under climate change simulations: an updated survey. - Plant Sci. 226: 22-29, 2014. Go to original source...
    34. Kaiser W.M.: Effects of water deficit on photosynthetic capacity. - Physiol. Plantarum 71: 142-149, 1987. Go to original source...
    35. Kaminski K.P., Kørup K., Nielsen K.L. et al.: Gas-exchange, water use efficiency and yield responses of elite potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars to changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and relative humidity. - Agr. Forest Meteorol. 187: 36-45, 2014. Go to original source...
    36. Kauffman G.L., Kneivel D.P., Watschke T.L.: Effects of a biostimulant on the heat tolerance associated with photosynthetic capacity, membrane thermostability, and polyphenol production of perennial ryegrass. - Crop Sci. 47: 261-267, 2007. Go to original source...
    37. Lawlor D.W., Tezara W.: Causes of decreased photosynthetic rate and metabolic capacity in water-deficient leaf cells: a critical evaluation of mechanisms and integration of processes. - Ann. Bot.-London 103: 561-579, 2009. Go to original source...
    38. Leakey A.D.B., Ainsworth E.A., Bernacchi C.J. et al.: Elevated CO2 effects on plant carbon, nitrogen, and water relations: six important lessons from FACE. - C J. Exp. Bot. 60: 2859-2876, 2009. Go to original source...
    39. LeCain D.R., Morgan J.A., Mosier A.R., Nelson J.A.: Soil and plant water relations determine photosynthetic response of C3 and C4 grasses in a semi-arid ecosystem under elevated CO2. - Ann. Bot.-London 92: 41-52, 2003. Go to original source...
    40. Lewis J.D., Lucash M., Olszyk D.M., Tingey D.T.: Relationships between needle nitrogen concentration and photosynthetic responses of Douglas-fir seedlings to elevated CO2 and temperature. - New Phytol. 162: 355-364, 2004. Go to original source...
    41. Li D.X., Liu H.L., Qiao Y.Z. et al.: Physiological regulation of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) growth in response to drought under elevated CO2. - C J. Food Agric. Environ. 11: 649-654, 2013.
    42. Li Y., Xu J., Haq N.U. et al.: Was low CO2 a driving force of C4 evolution: Arabidopsis responses to long-term low CO2 stress. - C J. Exp. Bot. 65: 3657-3667, 2014. Go to original source...
    43. Limousin J.M., Misson L., Lavoir A.V. et al.: Do photosynthetic limitations of evergreen Quercus ilex leaves change with longterm increased drought severity? - Plant Cell Environ. 33: 863-875, 2010. Go to original source...
    44. Limousin J.M., Yepez E.A., McDowell N.G., Pockman W.T.: Convergence in resource use efficiency across trees with differing hydraulic strategies in response to ecosystem precipitation manipulation. - Funct. Ecol. 29: 1125-1136, 2015. Go to original source...
    45. Long S.P., Ainsworth E.A., Rogers A., Ort D.R.: Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide: plants FACE the future. - Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 55: 591-628, 2004. Go to original source...
    46. Luomala E.M., Laitinen K., Sutinen S. et al.: Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO2 and temperature. - Plant Cell Environ. 28: 733-749, 2005. Go to original source...
    47. Manea A., Leishman M.R.: Competitive interactions between established grasses and woody plant seedlings under elevated CO2 levels are mediated by soil water availability. - Oecologia 177: 499-506, 2015. Go to original source...
    48. Maseyk K., Hemming D., Angert A. et al.: Increase in water-use efficiency and underlying processes in pine forests across a precipitation gradient in the dry Mediterranean region over the past 30 years. - Oecologia 167: 573-585, 2011. Go to original source...
    49. Maxwell K., Johnson G.N.: Chlorophyll fluorescence - a practical guide. - C J. Exp. Bot. 51: 659-668, 2000. Go to original source...
    50. McDowell N.G.: Mechanisms linking drought, hydraulics, carbon metabolism, and mortality. - Plant Physiol. 155: 1051-1059, 2011. Go to original source...
    51. Morgan J.A., Pataki D.E., Körner C. et al.: Water relations in grassland and desert ecosystems exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2. - Oecologia 140: 11-25, 2004. Go to original source...
    52. Munné-Bosch S., Alegre L.: Drought-induced changes in the redox state of alpha-tocopherol, ascorbate, and the diterpene carnosic acid in chloroplasts of Labiatae species differing in carnosic acid contents. - Plant Physiol. 131: 1816-1825, 2003. Go to original source...
    53. Newingham B.A., Vanier C.H., Charlet T.N. et al.: No cumulative effect of 10 years of elevated [CO2] on perennial plant biomass components in the Mojave Desert. - Glob. Change Biol. 19: 2168-2181, 2013. Go to original source...
    54. Novriyanti E., Watanabe M., Kitao M. et al.: High nitrogen and elevated [CO2] effects on the growth, defense and photosynthetic performance of two eucalypt species. - Environ. Pollut. 170: 124-130, 2012. Go to original source...
    55. Ogaya R., Peñuelas J.: Comparative field study of Quercus ilex and Phillyrea latifolia: photosynthetic response to experimental drought conditions. - Environ. Exp. Bot. 50: 137-148, 2003. Go to original source...
    56. Ogweno J.O., Song X.S., Shi K. et al.: Brassinosteroids alleviate heat-induced inhibition of photosynthesis by increasing carbo xylation efficiency and enhancing antioxidant systems in Lycopersicon esculentum. - C J. Plant Growth Regul. 27: 49-57, 2008. Go to original source...
    57. Ohashi Y., Nakayama N., Saneoka H., Fujita K.: Effects of drought stress on photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and stem diameter of soybean plants. - Biol. Plantarum 50: 138-141, 2006. Go to original source...
    58. Parry M.A.J., Andralojc P.J., Mitchell R.A.C. et al.: Manipulation of Rubisco: the amount, activity, function and regulation. - C J. Exp. Bot. 54: 1321-1333, 2003. Go to original source...
    59. Pataki D.E., Huxman T.E., Jordan D.N. et al.: Water use of two Mojave Desert shrubs under elevated CO2. - Glob. Change Biol. 6: 889-898, 2000. Go to original source...
    60. Peñuelas J., Sardans J., Estiarte M. et al.: Evidence of current impact of climate change on life: a walk from genes to the biosphere. - Glob. Change Biol. 19: 2303-2338, 2013. Go to original source...
    61. Pizarro L.C., Bisigato A.J.: Allocation of biomass and photoassimilates in juvenile plants of six Patagonian species in response to five water supply regimes. - Ann. Bot.-London 106: 297-307, 2010. Go to original source...
    62. Porra R.J., Thompson W.A., Kriedemann P.E.: Determination of accurate extinction coefficients and simultaneous equations for assaying chlorophyll a and b extracted with four different solvents: verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy. - BBABioenergetics 975: 384-394, 1989. Go to original source...
    63. Qaderi M.M., Kurepin L.V., Reid D.M.: Growth and physiological responses of canola (Brassica napus) to three components of global climate change: temperature, carbon dioxide and drought. - Physiol. Plantarum 128: 710-721, 2006. Go to original source...
    64. Ryan M.G.: Effects of climate change on plant respiration. - Ecol. Appl. 1: 157-167, 1991. Go to original source...
    65. Sala A., Piper F., Hoch G.: Physiological mechanisms of drought-induced tree mortality are far from being resolved. - New Phytol. 186: 274-281, 2010. Go to original source...
    66. Salazar-Parra C., Aranjuelo I., Pascual I. et al.: Carbon balance, partitioning and photosynthetic acclimation in fruit-bearing grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo) grown under simulated climate change (elevated CO2, elevated temperature and moderate drought) scenarios in temperature gradient greenhouses. - C J. Plant Physiol. 174: 97-109, 2015. Go to original source...
    67. Sanhueza C., Bascunan-Godoy L., Turnbull MH., Corcuera L.J.: Response of photosynthesis and respiration to temperature under water deficit in two evergreen Nothofagus species. - Plant Spec. Biol. 30: 163-175, 2015. Go to original source...
    68. Schulze E.D.: Carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange in response to drought in the atmosphere and in the soil. - Annu. Rev. Plant Physio. 37: 247-274, 1986. Go to original source...
    69. Shi Y.H., Zhou G.S., Jiang Y.L. et al.: Interactive effects of elevated CO2 and precipitation change on leaf nitrogen of dominant Stipa L. species. - Ecol. Evol. 5: 2956-2965, 2015. Go to original source...
    70. Sicher R.C., Barnaby J.Y.: Impact of carbon dioxide enrichment on the responses of maize leaf transcripts and metabolites to water stress. - Physiol. Plantarum 144: 238-253, 2012. Go to original source...
    71. Streit K., Siegwolf R.T.W., Hagedorn F. et al.: Lack of photosynthetic or stomatal regulation after 9 years of elevated CO2 and 4 years of soil warming in two conifer species at the alpine treeline. - Plant Cell Environ. 37: 315-326, 2014. Go to original source...
    72. Talhelm A.F., Pregitzer K.S., Kubiske M.E. et al.: Elevated carbon dioxide and ozone alter productivity and ecosystem carbon content in northern temperate forests. - Glob. Change Biol. 20: 2492-2504, 2014. Go to original source...
    73. Valentini R., Epron D., Angelis P. et al.: In situ estimation of net CO2 assimilation, photosynthetic electron flow and photorespiration in Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) leaves: diurnal cycles under different levels of water supply. - Plant Cell Environ. 18: 631-640, 1995. Go to original source...
    74. Valerio M., Tomecek M.B., Lovelli S., Ziska L.H.: Quantifying the effect of drought on carbon dioxide-induced changes in competition between a C3 crop (tomato) and a C4 weed (Amaranthus retroflexus). - Weed Res. 51: 591-600, 2011. Go to original source...
    75. von Caemmerer S., Lawson T., Oxborough K. et al.: Stomatal conductance does not correlate with photosynthetic capacity in transgenic tobacco with reduced amounts of Rubisco. - C J. Exp. Bot. 55: 1157-1166, 2004. Go to original source...
    76. Vogt U.K., Lösch R.: Stem water potential and leaf conductance: A comparison of Sorbus aucuparia and Sambucus nigra. - Phys. Chem. Earth Pt. B 24: 121-123, 1999. Go to original source...
    77. Vu J.C.V., Allen Jr L.H.: Growth at elevated CO2 delays the adverse effects of drought stress on leaf photosynthesis of the C4 sugarcane. - C J. Plant Physiol. 166: 107-116, 2009. Go to original source...
    78. Watanabe M., Watanabe Y., Kitaoka S. et al.: Growth and photosynthetic traits of hybrid larch F1 (Larix gmelinii var. japonica ¡Á L. kaempferi) under elevated CO2 concentration with low nutrient availability. - Tree Physiol. 31: 965-975, 2011. Go to original source...
    79. Wertin T.M., McGuire M.A., Teskey R.O.: The influence of elevated temperature, elevated CO2 concentration and water stress on net photosynthesis of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) at northern, central and southern sites in its native range. - Glob. Change Biol. 16: 2089-2103, 2010. Go to original source...
    80. Wullschleger S.D., Tschaplinski T.J., Norby R.J.: Plant water relations at elevated CO2 - implications for water-limited environments. - Plant Cell Environ. 25: 319-331, 2002. Go to original source...
    81. Xu Z.Z., Zhou G.S., Han G.X., Li Y.J.: Photosynthetic potential and its association with lipid peroxidation in response to high temperature at different leaf ages in maize. - C J. Plant Growth Regul. 30: 41-50, 2011. Go to original source...
    82. Xu Z.Z., Shimizu H., Ito S. et al.: Effects of elevated CO2, warming and precipitation change on plant growth, photosynthesis and peroxidation in dominant species from North China grassland. - Planta 239: 421-435, 2014. Go to original source...
    83. Yan J.H., Zhang D.Q., Liu J.X., Zhou G.Y.: Interactions between CO2 enhancement and N addition on net primary productivity and water-use efficiency in a mesocosm with multiple subtropical tree species. - Glob. Change Biol. 20: 2230-2239, 2014. Go to original source...
    84. Yin C., Peng Y., Zang R. et al.: Adaptive responses of Populus kangdingensis to drought stress. - Physiol. Plantarum 123: 445-451, 2005. Go to original source...
    85. Yu J., Jing Z.B., Cheng J.M.: Genetic diversity and population structure of Stipa bungeana, an endemic species in Loess Plateau of China, revealed using combined ISSR and SRAP markers. - Genet. Mol. Res. 13: 1097-1108, 2014. Go to original source...
    86. Zelikova T.J., Williams D.G., Hoenigman R. et al.: Seasonality of soil moisture mediates responses of ecosystem phenology to elevated CO2 and warming in a semi-arid grassland. - C J. Ecol. 103: 1119-1130, 2015. Go to original source...
    87. Zeppel M.J.B., Lewis J.D., Chaszar B. et al.: Nocturnal stomatal conductance responses to rising CO2, temperature and drought. - New Phytol. 193: 929-938, 2012. Go to original source...
    88. Zhang M., Duan L., Tian X. et al.: Uniconazole-induced tolerance of soybean to water deficit stress in relation to changes in photosynthesis, hormones and antioxidant system. - C J. Plant Physiol. 164: 709-717, 2007. Go to original source...
    89. Ziska L.H., Bunce J.A.: The influence of increasing growth temperature and CO2 concentration on the ratio of respiration to photosynthesis in soybean seedlings. - Glob. Change Biol. 4: 637-643, 1998. Go to original source...

    Return to the content