Abbreviations
- Bt :
-
Bacillus thuringiensis
- Bc :
-
Bacillus cereus
- DSMZ:
-
deutsche sammlung von mikroorganismen und zellkulturen
- EFSA:
-
European food safety authority
- ELISA:
-
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- HBL:
-
haemolysin BL
- NHE:
-
non-haemolytic enterotoxin
- RPLA:
-
reverse passive latex agglutination
- QPS:
-
qualified presumption of safety
References
Agata N., Ohta M., Mori M., Isobe M., 1995. A novel dodecadepsipeptide, cereulide, is an emetic toxin of Bacillus cereus. FEMS microbiology letters, 129(1), 17–20.
Ash C. and Collins M.D., 1992. Comparative analysis of 23S ribosomal RNA gene sequences of Bacillus anthracis and emetic Bacillus cereus determined by PCR-direct sequencing. FEMS microbiology letters, 94, 75–80.
Carlson C.R., Johansen T., Kolsto A.B., 1996. The chromosome map of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. canadensis HD244 is highly similar to that of Bacillus cereus type strain ATCC 14579. FEMS microbiology letters, 141, 163–167.
Decreto Legislativo n. 194, 1995, Attuazione della direttiva 91/414/CEE in materia di immissione in commercio di prodotti fitosanitari. Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 122 Supplemento Ordinario del 27/05/1995.
EFSA, 2007. Introduction of a Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) Approach for Assessment of Selected Microorganisms Referred to EFSA - Opinion of the Scientific Committee - (EFSA-Q-2005-293) - (Adopted on 19 November 2007). EFSA Journal, 587, 1–16.
Ehling-Schulz M., Vukov N., Schulz A., Shaheen R., Andersson M., Märtlbauer E., Scherer S., 2005. Identification and partial characterization of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene responsible for cereulide production in emetic Bacillus cereus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71(1), 105–713.
Hansen B.M. and Hendriksen N.B., 2001. Detection of enterotoxic Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis strains by PCR analysis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67, 185–189.
Kyei-Poku G., Gauthier D., Pang A., van Frankenhuyzen K., 2007. Detection of Bacillus cereus virulence factors in commercial products of Bacillus thuringiensis and expression of diarrheal enterotoxins in a target insect. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 53(12) 1283–1290.
Lund T., De Buyser M.L., Granum P.E., 2000. A new cytotoxin from Bacillus cereus that may cause necrotic enteritis. Molecular Microbiology, 38(2), 254–261.
Manzano M., Cocolin L., Cantoni C., Comi G., 1998. A rapid method for the identification and partial serotyping of Listeria monocytogenes in food by PCR and restriction enzyme analysis. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 42(3), 207–212.
Murray P.R., Baron E.J., Pfaller M.A., Tenover F.C., Yolken R.H., 1999. Manual of clinical microbiology, 7th edition. ASM Press: Washington.
Schnepf E., Crickmore N., Van R.J., Lereclus D., Baum J., Feitelson J., Zeigler D.R., Dean D.H., 1998. Bacillus thuringiensis and its pesticidal crystal proteins. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 62(3), 775–806.
Schoeni J.L. and Wong A.C.L., 2005. Bacillus cereus food poisoning and its toxins. Journal of Food Protection, 68, 636–648.
Schraft H. and Griffiths M.W., 1995. Specific oligonucleotide primers for detection of lecithinase-positive Bacillus spp. by PCR. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 61(1), 98–102.
Seligy V.L., Beggs R.W., Rancourt J.M., Tayabali A.F., 1997. Quantitative bioreduction assays for calibrating spore content and viability of commercial Bacillus thuringiensis insecticides. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 18, 370–378.
Acknowledgements
The research was carried out with the help of funds from the Fondazione Banco di Sardegna
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Scarano, C., Virdis, S., Cossu, F. et al. The pattern of toxin genes and expression of diarrheal enterotoxins in Bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from commercial bioinsecticides. Vet Res Commun 33 (Suppl 1), 257–260 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-009-9288-2
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-009-9288-2