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Identification of a new genotype of canine distemper virus circulating in America

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Abstract

Canine Distemper is a highly contagious viral systemic disease that affects a wide variety of terrestrial carnivores. Canine Distemper virus (CDV) appears genetically heterogeneous, markedly in the hemagglutinin protein (H), showing geographic patterns of diversification that are useful to monitor CDV molecular epidemiology. In Mexico the activity of canine distemper remains high in dogs, likely because vaccine prophylaxis coverage in canine population is under the levels required to control effectively the disease. By phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleoprotein (N) and on the H genes, Mexican CDV strains collected between 2007 and 2010 were distinguished into several genovariants, all which constituted a unique group, clearly distinct from field and vaccine strains circulating worldwide, but resembling a CDV strain, 19876, identified in Missouri, USA, 2004, that was genetically unrelated to other North-American CDV strains. Gathering information on the genetic heterogeneity of CDV on a global scale appears pivotal in order to investigate the origin and modalities of introduction of unusual/novel CDV strains, as well as to understand if vaccine breakthroughs or disease epidemics may be somewhat related to genetic/antigenic or biological differences between field and vaccine strains.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank to the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México the financial support and to Instituto de Fisiología Celular of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México for the sequencing process. The authors also thank Dr. Canio Buonavoglia for the support in the training internship in the Dipartimento di Sanità e Pubblica e Zootecnia, Facoltá di Medicina Veterinaria di Bari. Cesar Gámiz thank to Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología for the postgraduated fellowship.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, 50200, Edo. México, México

    César Gámiz, Raúl Fajardo & Simón Martínez

  2. Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Zootecnia, Facoltá di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy

    Vito Martella

  3. Departamento de Genética y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, D.F., 04510, México

    Raúl Ulloa

  4. Hospital veterinario para pequeñas especies. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza # 203; Col. Universidad, Toluca, Edo. México, México

    Israel Quijano-Hernandéz

Authors
  1. César Gámiz
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  2. Vito Martella
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  3. Raúl Ulloa
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  4. Raúl Fajardo
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  5. Israel Quijano-Hernandéz
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  6. Simón Martínez
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Simón Martínez.

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Gámiz, C., Martella, V., Ulloa, R. et al. Identification of a new genotype of canine distemper virus circulating in America. Vet Res Commun 35, 381–390 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-011-9486-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-011-9486-6

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