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Virus Transport Experiments in a Sandy Aquifer

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Abstract

The occurrence of human enteric viruses in ground water has been well documented in the literature. Bacteriophages such as MS-2 and PRD1 have properties similar to pathogenic human viruses suggesting that bacteriophages can be used as proxies for virus transport. The objective of this study is to investigate a “worst case scenario” for virus transport in a ground water aquifer, i.e., sand and gravel aquifer under a forced-gradient, by using bacteriophages.

Field studies have been conducted to trace large-scale (34 m) and small-scale (10 m) virus transport under natural- and forced-gradients through a sand and gravel aquifer at a ground water research site at the Texas A&M University. Virus transport was monitored under natural and forced-gradient conditions using MS-2 and PRD-1 as virus tracers and bromide as a conservative tracer. Results indicate virus and bromide transport to down-gradient monitoring wells in both the large- and small-scale field tests. During the tests conducted, MS-2 transport appears to exhibit little longitudinal dispersion, showing a narrow peak at the well nest 34 m down-gradient in 13 days which is 20 days before the bromide breakthroughs, indicating that bacteriophage transport through the aquifer was mainly by advective flow. Differences in tracer transport can be attributed to the heterogeneity of the sand and gravel aquifer at the site, different injection methods, different sampling methods, and different tracer properties. Heterogeneity of the aquifer would cause virus transport through preferential flow paths.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Civil Eng., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, 77843, USA

    M. Yavuz Corapcioglu

  2. Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Eng., Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA

    Jason R. Vogel

  3. Department of Biological and Agricultural Eng., Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

    Clyde L. Munster

  4. Department of Poultry Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

    Suresh D. Pillai

  5. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA

    Scot Dowd

  6. Department of Env. Exploration, Pukyoung National Univ., 559-1 Daeyon-dong, Nam-gu, Busan, 608-737, Korea

    Sookyun Wang

Authors
  1. M. Yavuz Corapcioglu
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  2. Jason R. Vogel
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  3. Clyde L. Munster
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  4. Suresh D. Pillai
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  5. Scot Dowd
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  6. Sookyun Wang
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Correspondence to M. Yavuz Corapcioglu.

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Corapcioglu, M.Y., Vogel, J.R., Munster, C.L. et al. Virus Transport Experiments in a Sandy Aquifer. Water Air Soil Pollut 169, 47–65 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-0942-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-0942-9

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