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A review of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs): occurrence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and organism exposure

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Abstract

Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) are increasingly being applied as flame retardants due to their unique properties. OPFRs are commonly detected in various environmental matrices, and organisms are extensively exposed to them. Considering the adverse effects of OPFRs, many researchers have devoted their attention to environmental risk assessments. This review outlines the current knowledge regarding the toxicity of OPFRs based on both in vitro and in vivo experiments in various environmentally relevant test species. The production, absorption, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification of OPFRs in animals and humans are also described. The joint effects of OPFRs and their coexisting characteristics are also discussed based on the limited available data and results. Finally, knowledge gaps and perspectives for future exposure studies of OPFRs in animals and humans are identified.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the language assistance of Dr. Zhang Zhen.

Funding

This work was financially supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. LY18B070008), the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21407038), the Research Foundation of Yiwu Parkway Environmental Protection Co., Ltd. (KYH203118012), and the Research Foundation of Hangzhou Dianzi University (KYS205618039).

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  1. Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 1158, Baiyang Rd., Hangzhou, 310018, People’s Republic of China

    Jia Du, Huanxuan Li, Shaodan Xu, Qingwei Zhou, Meiqing Jin & Junhong Tang

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  1. Jia Du
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  2. Huanxuan Li
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  3. Shaodan Xu
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Highlights

1. Presented the possible organism health hazards related to OPFRs exposure.

2. Identified the current research deficiencies in this area.

3. Summarized the compound toxicity of OPFRs.

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Du, J., Li, H., Xu, S. et al. A review of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs): occurrence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and organism exposure. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 22126–22136 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05669-y

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