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Influence of antioxidant additives on performance and emission characteristics of beef tallow biodiesel-fuelled C.I engine

  • Environmental and Energy Management
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Abstract

This work analyses the performance and emission characteristics of biofuelled compression ignition (C.I) engine with the implementation of an antioxidant. Using the transesterification process with sodium hydroxide as a catalyst, the beef tallow methyl ester (BTME) was obtained from the beef tallow oil. Poor physical properties of biodiesel (beef tallow oil (BTO)) namely high viscosity and density cause atomization problems leading to higher smoke, hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. The purpose of this work is to enhance the performance aspects, to limit smoke emissions from BTO operation and to examine the possibility of direct use of neat BTO in CI engine. This research paves a way of investing the impact of binary blends of BHA and BTO on the research engine. The experiments were conducted on a single-cylinder four-stroke C.I engine using the following fuel compositions: 20% of BTME mixed with 80% diesel (B20), 1000 ppm mono-phenolic antioxidant (butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)) mixed with the blends of B20 (B20 + BHA), and 100% diesel. Based on the experimental results, it was found that the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increases by 1.8% and the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreases by 2.5% for the fuel blend B20 + BHA when compared with that for B20 fuel blend. Compared with the B20 blend, the blend B20 + BHA emits 12.2% lesser nitrogen oxide due to breaking chain reactions, scavenging the initiating radicals and reducing the concentration of reactive radicals.

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Abbreviations

ASTM:

American Society for Testing Materials

BD100:

neat biodiesel

B20:

20% of biodiesel + 80% neat diesel

B20 + BHA:

20% of biodiesel + 80% neat diesel + 1000 ppm of antioxidant BHA

NOx :

Oxides of nitrogen emission

BSFC:

Brake specific fuel consumption

HC:

Unburned Hydrocarbon

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency

CO:

Carbon monoxide

DI:

Direct injection

IMEP:

Indicated mean effective pressure

NOx :

Oxides of nitrogen (NOx)

EGT:

Exhaust gas temperature

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Ramanagara District, Bengaluru, 562112, India

    Beemkumar Nagappan

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science, Madanapalle, 517325, India

    Yuvarajan Devarajan

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Er. Perumal Manimekalai College of Engineering, Hosur, India

    Elangovan Kariappan

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India

    Shone Biju Philip & Shivam Gautam

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  1. Beemkumar Nagappan
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  2. Yuvarajan Devarajan
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Correspondence to Beemkumar Nagappan.

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Nagappan, B., Devarajan, Y., Kariappan, E. et al. Influence of antioxidant additives on performance and emission characteristics of beef tallow biodiesel-fuelled C.I engine. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 12041–12055 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09065-9

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