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Combustion characteristics of briquette fuels from sorghum panicle–pearl millets using cassava starch binder

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Abstract

The utilization of agricultural wastes is an attractive and viable option to reduce the environmental pollution and reverse the over-exploitation of fossil fuels. Now-a-days, the usage of fossil fuels has increased manifold causing twin serious problems such as depletion of limited source of fossil fuels and increase in environmental pollution with major consequences. In this study, briquettes were produced using sorghum panicles (SP) and pearl millet (PM) with different ratios (100:0, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 90:10 and 0:100) using cassava starch as a binder with a planned compacting pressure level (200 kN) by exploring hydraulic compression method. The proximate parameters such as water content, level of fixed carbon, ash and volatile matter were determined using American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard procedures. The elemental analyses (SEM/EDAX) which include carbon (C), oxygen (O), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), chlorine (Cl), sulphur (S), phosphorus (P), aluminium (Al), silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and sodium (K) were determined in all the briquette samples. Weight loss and optimum heating values of the samples were measured by adopting differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) respectively. In addition to that, the density and compressive strength of all the produced briquettes were determined. In comparison with pongamia–tamarind shell, sorghum panicle–pearl millet briquettes have better fuel properties. The pongamia–tamarind shell fuel has nitrogen and hydrogen whereas sorghum panicle–pearl millet has no identities on both nitrogen and hydrogen content. The occurrence of nitrogen absence is due to non-availability of NOx emissions during combustion. By the cause of more fixed carbon composition, there exists lack in hydrogen content. The sorghum panicle–pearl millet briquettes have better calorific value than pongamia–tamarind shells, and they produce better heating values. Hence, the prepared biomass briquettes are potentially good fuels that derived from agro wastes. Likewise, the determined parameters are compared with the other biomass briquettes.

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The results and analysis of the current study are available with the corresponding author and can be fetched from the same on reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Tamilnadu, 638060, India

    Sampathkumar Velusamy & Anandakumar Subbaiyan

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 015, India

    Ramesh Srikrishnaperumal Thangam

Authors
  1. Sampathkumar Velusamy
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  2. Anandakumar Subbaiyan
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  3. Ramesh Srikrishnaperumal Thangam
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Contributions

1. Sampathkumar Velusamy (SV)

Identified the problem and found out the suitable material for this study, performed various tests and analysis to check the suitability of the material and involved in manuscript preparation.

2. Anandakumar Subbaiyan (AS)

Performed TGA-DSC analysis and interpreted the results, involved in briquette formation and verification of manuscript.

3. Ramesh Srikrishnaperumal Thangam (RST)

Supported the study with historical data and has been major stand towards the completion of the manuscript.

All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sampathkumar Velusamy.

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Velusamy, S., Subbaiyan, A. & Thangam, R.S. Combustion characteristics of briquette fuels from sorghum panicle–pearl millets using cassava starch binder. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 21471–21485 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11790-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11790-0

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