Abstract
Nucleation and growth lead to substantial strain in nanoparticles embedded in a host matrix. The distribution of strain field plays an important role in the physical properties of nanoparticles. Magnetic Ni/NiO core/shell nanoparticles embedded in the amorphous Al2O3 matrix were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition. The results from a high-resolution transmission electron microscope also revealed that the core/shell nanoparticles consist of a single crystal Ni core with a faced-centered cubic structure (Space Group FM-3M) and polycrystalline NiO shell with a trigonal/rhombohedral structure (Space Group R-3mH). The growth strain of Ni/NiO core/shell nanoparticles embedded in the Al2O3 matrix was investigated. Finite element calculations clearly indicate that the NiO shell incurs large compressive strain. The compressive strain existing at the NiO shell area enables the shell material at the interface to adapt to the lattice parameters of Ni core. This process results in a relatively good crystallinity near the interface, which may be associated with the higher exchange coupling between the ferromagnetic Ni core and antiferromagnetic NiO shell.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Pileni M P. Magnetic fluids: Fabrication, magnetic properties, and organization of nanocrystals. Adv Funct Mater, 2001, 11(5): 323–326
LesliePelecky D L, Rieke R D. Magnetic properties of nanostructured materials. Chem Mater, 1996, 8(8): 1770–1783
Néel L. Théorie du traînage magnétique des ferromagnétiques en grains fins avec application aux terrescuites. Ann Geophys, 1949, 5: 99–136
Skumryev V, Stoyanov S, Zhang Y, et al. Beating the superparamagnetic limit with exchange bias. Nature, 2003, 423(6942): 850–853
Prinz G A. Device physics—magnetoelectronics. Science, 1998, 282(5394): 1660–1663
Wang S G, Kohn A, Wang C, et al. Exchange bias in epitaxial Fe/IrMn bilayers grown on MgO (001). J Phys D-Appl Phys, 2009, 42(22): 225001
Yuan C L. Room temperature coercivity of Ni/NiO core/shell nanoparticles fabricated by pulsed laser deposition. J Phys Chem C, 2010, 114(5): 2124–2126
Zhou Y Z, Chen J S, Tay B K, et al. Ni-NiO core-shell nanoclusters with cubic shape by nanocluster beam deposition. Appl Phys Lett, 2007, 90(4): 043111
Yi J B, Ding J, Zhao Z L, et al. High coercivity and exchange coupling of Ni/NiO nanocomposite film. J Appl Phys, 2005, 97(10): 10K306
Wellner A, Paillard V, Bonafos C, et al. Stress measurements of germanium nanocrystals embedded in silicon oxide. J Appl Phys, 2003, 94(9): 5639–5642
Chew H G, Zheng F, Choi W K, et al. Influence of reductant and germanium concentration on the growth and stress development of germanium nanocrystals in silicon oxide matrix. Nanotechnology 2007, 18(6): 065302
Stadelmann P A. EMS-A software package for electron-diffraction analysis and HREM image simulation in materials science. Ultramicroscopy, 1987, 21(2): 131–145
Hofmeister H, Dubiel M, Goj H, et al. Microstructural investigation of colloidal silver embedded in glass. J Microsc, 1995, 177: 331–336
Voronkov V V, Falster R. Strain-induced transformation of amorphous spherical precipitates into platelets: Application to oxide particles in silicon. J Appl Phys, 2001, 89(11): 5965–5971
Benabbas T, Androussi Y, Lefebvre A. A finite-element study of strain fields in vertically aligned InAs islands in GaAs. J Appl Phys, 1999, 86(4): 1945–1950
Pei Q X, Lu C, Wang Y Y. Effect of elastic anisotropy on the elastic fields and vertical alignment of quantum dots. J Appl Phys, 2003, 93(3): 1487–1492
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yuan, C., Zhang, Q., Luo, X. et al. Formation and strain distribution of Ni/NiO core/shell magnetic nanoparticles fabricated by pulsed laser deposition. Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 54, 1254–1257 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-011-4364-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-011-4364-3