Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Probabilistic assessment of reinforcing steel depassivation in concrete under aggressive chloride environments based on natural exposure data

  • Published:
Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The probability distributions of the critical threshold chloride concentration C cr, the chloride diffusion coefficient D, and the surface chloride concentration C s are determined based on the collected natural exposure data, and the probability estimation of reinforcement depassivation in concrete is presented using Monte-Carlo simulation. From sensitivity analysis of mean value for c cr, c s, and D on the depassivation probability of reinforcement, it is found that c cr, c s, and D respectively has the greatest, smaller, and the lowest effect on the probability of depassivation. Finally the effect of stress state of concrete on the reinforcement depassivation probability is analyzed. It is found that the influence of stress state becomes apparent as exposure time increases.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Liang M T, Wang K L, Liang C H. Service Life Prediction of Reinforced Concrete Structures[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1999, 29: 1 411–1 418

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. C Alonso, C Andrade, M Castellote, et al. Chloride Threshold Values to Depassivate Reinforcing Bars Embedded in a Standardized OPC Mortar[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2000, 30: 1 047–1 055

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Mark G Stewart, David V Rosowsky. Time-dependent Reliability of Deteriorating Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks[J]. Structural Safety, 1998, 20: 91–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. G K Glass, N R Buenfeld. The Presentation of the Chloride Threshold Level for Corrosion of Steel in Concrete[J]. Corrasion Science, 1997, 39(5): 1 001–1 013

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. S Erdogdu, I L Kondratova, T W Bremner. Determination of Chloride Diffusion Coefficient of Concrete Using Open-circuit Potential Measurements[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2004, 34: 603–609

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. HaWon Song, ChangHong Lee, KiYong Ann. Factors Influencing Chloride Transport in Concrete Structures Exposed to Marine Environments[J]. Cement & Concrete Composites, 2008, 30: 113–121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Anders Lindvall. Chloride Ingress Data from Field and Laboratory Exposure-Influence of Salinity and Temperature[ J]. Cement & Concrete Composites, 2007, 29: 88–93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. T Maheswaran, J G Sanjayan. A Semi-closed-form Solution for Chloride Diffusion in Concrete with Time-varying Parameters[ J]. Magazine of Concrete Research, 2004, 56(6): 359–366

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Mumtaz K Kassir, Michel Ghosn. Chloride-induced Corrosion of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2002, 32(1): 139–143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Konin, R Franfois, G Arliguie. Penetration of Chlorides in Relation to the Micro Cracking State into Reinforced Ordinary and High Strength Concrete[J]. Materials and Structures, 1998, 31: 310–316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhao S C, Gong J X, Shui J F. Test of Chloride Diffusion Rules in Concrete at Tidal Zone Under Flexural Load[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2007, 20(4): 76–82 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Philip D Cady, Richard E Weyers. Deterioration Rates of Concrete Bridge Decks[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 1984, 110(1): 34–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. K Takewaka, S Mastumoto. Quality and Cover Thickness of Concrete Based on the Estimation of Chloride Penetration in Marine Environments[C]. In: (3rd Edition), ACI-SP 109-117, Concrete in Marine Environment, Detroit 1988: 381–400

    Google Scholar 

  14. Gjφrv, OE Venneslandφ. Diffusion of Chloride Ions from Seawater into Concrete[J]. Cement Concrete Research, 1979, 9: 229–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Liam KC, Roy SK, Northwood DO. Chloride Ingress Measurements and Corrosion Potential Mapping Study of a 24-year-old Reinforced Concrete Jetty Structure in a Tropical Marine Environment Research[J]. Magazine of Concrete Research, 1992, 44: 205–215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Mohammed TU, Yamaji T, Hamada H. Chloride Diffusion, Microstructure and Mineralory of Concrete after 15 Years of Exposure in Tidal Environment[J]. ACI Material, 2002, 99: 256–263

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Bamforth PB, Price WF. Factors Influencing Chloride Ingress into Marine Structures[C]. In: Dhir RK, Jones MR, editors. Concrete, 1993: 1 105–1 118

  18. Dhir RK, El-Mohr MAK, Dyer TD. Chloride Binding in GGBS Concrete[J]. Cement Concrete Research, 1996, 26: 1 767–1 773

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Funahashi M. Predicting Corrosion Free Service Life of a Concrete Structure in a Chloride Environment[J]. ACI Material, 1990, 87: 581–587

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Uji K, Matsuoka Y, Maruya T. Formation of an Equation for Surface Chloride Content of Concrete due to Permeation of Chloride[C]. Corrosion of Reinforcement in Concrete. London, Elsevier Applied Science, 1990: 258–267

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kudoh K, Hirotani A, Moriwake A, et al. Study on Durability of a Repaired Concrete Structure in Tokyo Bay[C]. Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures and Innovations in Design. ACI 128, Hong Kong, 1991: 1 293–12 307

  22. S Erdogdu, I L Kondratova, T W Bremner. Determination of Chloride Diffusion Coefficient of Concrete using Open-circuit Potential Measurements[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2004, 34: 603–609

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. P Sandberg, L Tang, A Andersen. Recurrent Studies of Chloride Ingress in Uncracked Marine Concrete at Various Exposure Times and Elevations[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1998, 28(10): 1 489–1 503

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Olivier Poupard, Abdelkarim Aıt-Mokhtar, Paul Dumargue. Corrosion by Chlorides in Reinforced Concrete: Determination of Chloride Concentration Threshold by Impedance Spectroscopy[ J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2004, 34: 991–1 000

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Fan Z, Yang F, Huang J, et al. Experimental Study on Long-Term Exposure Test of Marine Concrete[J]. Port&Waterway Engineering in China, 2005, (9): 45–57

  26. Byung Hwan Oh, Seung Yup Jang. Effects of Material and Environmental Parameters on Chloride Penetration Profiles in Concrete Structures[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2007, 37: 47–53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. MDA Thomas, JD Matthews. Performance of PFA Concrete in a Marine Environment-10 Year Results[J]. Cement & Concrete Composites, 2004, 26: 5–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Sterritt G, Chryssanthopoulos MK. Probabilistic Limit State Modeling of Deteriorating RC Bridge using a Spatial Approach[ C]. Proceedings of the International Conference on Current Trend in Bridge Design, Construction and Maintenance. London, 1999: 518–528

  29. R E Melchers, C Q Li, W Lawanwisut. Probabilistic Modeling of Structural Deterioration of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Saline Environment Corrosion[J]. Structural Safety, 2008, 30: 447–460

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Durability of Civil Engineering, Shenzhen, 518060, China

    Xiaogang Zhang  (张小刚)

  2. Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, Kanagawa University, Yokohama, 2218686, Japan

    Yangang Zhao & Zhaohui Lu

Authors
  1. Xiaogang Zhang  (张小刚)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yangang Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zhaohui Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiaogang Zhang  (张小刚).

Additional information

Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.50908148 and 50925829), Research Project of Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China (Nos.2009-K4-23, 2010-11-33), and National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (No.2006BAJ02B04)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zhang, X., Zhao, Y. & Lu, Z. Probabilistic assessment of reinforcing steel depassivation in concrete under aggressive chloride environments based on natural exposure data. J. Wuhan Univ. Technol.-Mat. Sci. Edit. 26, 126–131 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-011-0183-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-011-0183-4

Key words

Search

Navigation