Abstract
A process is being developed to recycle zinc-bearing metallurgical dust by reductive sintering. In the present work, the reaction behavior of zinc and iron oxides was studied in different conditions in CO–CO2 atmosphere, to understand the processes involved and determine the optimal conditions. The results showed that dezincification started to become significant when the coke addition was 9.0 wt.% of the amount of raw material, the corresponding CO content in the gases being 20 vol.%. Iron oxide played an important role in the reduction of ZnO: when the CO content was less than 20 vol.%, ZnO and Fe3O4 reacted to generate ZnFe2O4, CO2 being the oxidizer that promoted the conversion of Fe2+ to Fe3+. Increasing the temperature was also conducive to the generation of ZnFe2O4. The effect of iron oxide on the ZnO reduction gradually weakened when the CO content was increased above 20 vol.%. To realize reduction of ZnO and increase the removal rate of zinc, the atmosphere and temperature should be controlled in the thermodynamic stability region of FeO and Zn, where zinc vaporizes and is removed in elemental form.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Z. Xie, Y. Guo, T. Jiang, F. Chen, and L. Yang, 8th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing (Springer, 2017), pp. 485–493.
Z. Peng, D. Gregurek, C. Wenzl, and J.F. White, JOM 68, 2313–2315 (2016).
J. Han, W. Liu, W. Qin, F. Jiao, D. Wang, and C. Liang, JOM 68, 1–8 (2016).
S. Wang, Y. Guo, L. Yang, G. Fu, F. Zheng, F. Chen, L. Yang, and T. Jiang, Powder Technol. 332, 188–196 (2018).
C. Lanzerstorfer, B. Bamberger-Strassmayr, and K. Pilz, ISIJ Int. 55, 758–764 (2015).
Y. Zhang, Z. Su, Y. Zhou, G. Li, and T. Jiang, Int. J. Miner. Process. 124, 15–19 (2013).
E.G. Donskov, V.P. Lyalyuk, and A.D. Donskov, Steel Transl. 44, 209–214 (2014).
J. Antrekowitsch, G. Graller-Kettler, B. Matl, and A. Pestalozzi, JOM 57, 43–46 (2005).
X. Yang, M. Chu, F. Shen, and Z. Zhang, Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.), 22, 454-460 (2009).
L. Xia, R. Mao, J. Zhang, X. Xu, M. Wei, and F. Yang, Int. J. Miner. Met. Mater 22, 122–131 (2015).
T. Havlík, B.E.S. Vidor, A.M. Bernardes, I.A. Schneider, and A. Miskufová, J. Hazard. Mater. 135, 311–318 (2006).
J. Han, W. Liu, D. Wang, F. Jiao, T. Zhang, and W. Qin, Metall. Trans. B 47, 2400–2410 (2016).
R. Dimitrov and I. Bonev, Thermochim. Acta 106, 9–25 (1986).
J. Han, W. Liu, W. Qin, B. Peng, K. Yang, and Y. Zheng, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 22, 272–279 (2015).
Z. Su, Y. Zhang, B. Liu, M. Lu, G. Li, and T. Jiang, JOM 69, 2364–2372 (2017).
B. Peng, N. Peng, X. Min, H. Liu, Y. Li, D. Chen, and K. Xue, JOM 67, 1988–1996 (2015).
J. Han, W. Liu, W. Qin, F. Jiao, and D. Wang, 7th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing (Springer, 2016), pp. 543–550.
G. Li, Z. You, Y. Zhang, M. Rao, P. Wen, Y. Guo, and T. Jiang, JOM 66, 1701–1710 (2014).
T. Chun and D. Zhu, Metall. Trans. B 46, 1–4 (2015).
M. Gan, Z. Ji, X. Fan, X. Chen, Y. Zhou, G. Wang, Y. Tian, and T. Jiang, J. Hazard. Mater. 353, 381–392 (2018).
M. Nakano, T. Okada, H. Hasegawa, and M. Sakakibara, ISIJ Int. 40, 238–243 (2017).
Y. Mochizuki, N. Tsubouchi, and T. Akiyama, Fuel Process. Technol. 138, 704–713 (2015).
H. Yabe and Y. Takamoto, ISIJ Int. 53, 1625–1632 (2013).
M. Gan, X. Fan, W. Lv, X. Chen, Z. Ji, T. Jiang, Z. Yu, and Y. Zhou, Powder Technol. 301, 478–485 (2016).
J. Fu, T. Jiang, and D. Zhu, Sintering and Pelletizing, 1st ed. (Changsha: Central South University Press, 1996), pp. 33–35. (in Chinese).
ISO 9035: 1989, Iron ores, determination of acid-soluble iron (II) content; titrimetric method.
ISO 2597: 1: 2006, Iron ores, determination of total iron content-titrimetric method after tin (II) chloride reduction.
T. Yamashita and P. Hayes, Appl. Surf. Sci. 254, 2441–2449 (2008).
Z. Wang, B. Peng, L. Zhang, Z. Zhao, D. Liu, N. Peng, D. Wang, Y. He, Y. Liang, and H. Liu, JOM 70, 539–546 (2018).
Acknowledgement
The research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U1760107, U1660206), Hunan Provincial Co-Innovation Center for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Metal Mineral Resources, and Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate (CX2016B054).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lv, W., Gan, M., Fan, X. et al. Recycling Utilization of Zinc-Bearing Metallurgical Dust by Reductive Sintering: Reaction Behavior of Zinc Oxide. JOM 71, 3173–3180 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03645-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03645-y