Abstract
The thermodynamic database is critical to purify and recover silicon. The present study found that the presence of Ca in Si helps remove Al and Fe from silicon cutting waste with metallurgical methods. With the “same activity method,” this study experimentally measured the activity interaction coefficients of Ca to Al and Fe at 1623 K, 1673 K and 1723 K in Si-Al-Ca and Si-Fe-Ca systems, respectively. The associations between the activity interaction coefficient and temperature were characterized as \( \varepsilon_{\text{Al}}^{\text{Ca}} = 55.77 - \frac{84172.5}{T} \) and \( \varepsilon_{\text{Fe}}^{\text{Ca}} = 151.7 - \frac{230425}{T} \). The effects of Ca on the saturation solubility of Al and Fe in Si solutions were determined. Under a scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, the distributions of Al, Fe and Ca in alloys were characterized. This study suggests that the Si-Al-Ca alloys cover the Si, Al and CaAl2Si2 phases, and the Si-Fe-Ca alloys contain Si, FeSi, FeSi2 and CaSi2 phases by x-ray diffraction (XRD).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
X. Li, J.J. Wu, M. Xu, and W.H. Ma, J. Clean. Prod. 211, 695 (2019).
W.Z. Yu, Y. Xue, J. Mei, and X.Z. Zhou, J. Alloy. Compd. 805, 198 (2019).
X. He, S.Y. Li, W.H. Ma, Z. Ding, J. Yu, B. Qin, J. Yang, Y.X. Zhou, and J.J. Qiu, Mater. Lett. 196, 269 (2017).
J. Safarian, K. Tang, and J.E. Olsen, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 47, 1063 (2016).
J.J. Wu, F.M. Wang, W.H. Ma, Y. Lei, and B. Yang, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 47, 1796 (2016).
J.J. Wu, W.H. Ma, B. Yang, Y.N. Dai, and K. Morita, Trans Nonferros Metal. Soc. 19, 463 (2009).
J.J. Wu, Y.L. Li, W.H. Ma, K.X. Wei, B. Yang, Y.N. Dai, and T. Nonferr, Metal. Soc. 24, 1231 (2014).
J. Safarian, G. Tranell, and M. Tangstad, Energy Proc. 20, 88 (2012).
J.J. Wu, W.H. Ma, B.J. Jia, B. Yang, D.C. Liu, and Y.N. Dai, J. Non Cryst. Solids. 358, 3079 (2012).
C.H. Gan, F. Ming, and L. Zhang, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. 26, 859 (2016).
F. Yang, Q. Yu, J.J. Wu, and W.H. Ma, Vacuum 158, 24 (2018).
Z. Ding, K.X. Wei, and W.H. Ma, J. Non Cryst. Solids. 358, 2708 (2012).
K. Morita and T. Miki, Intermetallics 11, 1111 (2003).
M. Li, T. Utigard, and M. Barati, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 45, 221 (2014).
D.P. Tao, D.F. Li, and B. Yang, Thermochim. Acta 383, 45 (2002).
D.P. Tao, Thermochim. Acta 363, 105 (2000).
S. Poizeau and D.R. Sadoway, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 8260 (2013).
K. Liu, J.J. Wu, and W.H. Ma, J. Min. Metall. B 50, 171 (2014).
S. Cui, M. Paliwal, and I.H. Jung, Metall. Mater. Trans. E 1, 67 (2014).
Y.Q. Zhou, J.J. Wu, W.H. Ma, Y. Lei, and Y.N. Dai, J. Alloy. Compd. 751, 257 (2018).
K. Liu, J.J. Wu, K.X. We, and W.H. Ma, Vacuum 114, 6 (2015).
H.C. Wang and Y.C. Dong, Metallurgical Thermodynamic Data Measurement and Calculation Method, 1st ed. (Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2005), pp. 157–179.
T. Miki, K. Morita, and M. Yamawaki, Mass Spectr. 47, 72 (1999).
T. Miki, K. Morita, and N. Sano, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 28, 861 (1997).
T. Miki, K. Morita, and N. Sano, Mater. Trans. JIM 40, 1108 (1999).
Acknowledgements
This study was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China (21563017), the major R&D project of Yunnan in China (2019ZE00701) and the Program for Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China (IRT_17R48).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, F., Wu, J. & Ma, W. Research on the Interaction of Ca, Al and Fe in Recovering and Purifying Silicon. JOM 72, 2663–2669 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04175-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04175-8