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Sequential Leaching of Strategic Metals from Exhausted LNCM-Cathode Batteries Using Oxalic and Sulfuric Acid Lixiviants

  • Adaptive Metallurgical Processing Technologies for Strategic Metal Recycling
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Abstract

Hydrometallurgical extraction of strategic metals from exhausted Li-ion batteries has been explored using sequential application of biodegradable oxalic acid and sulfuric acid solutions. Following L25 orthogonal design of experiment (DoE), optimized extraction of > 99% Li and Cu with organic acid was achieved using a H2C2O4 concentration of 0.25 mol L−1, solid–liquid ratio of 10%, H2O2 at 0.5%, temperature of 80°C, and duration of 90 min. Subsequently, leaching of the residual mass in mineral acid yielded 99% efficiency of Ni, Co, and Mn at the optimal condition of H2SO4 concentration of 3.0 mol L−1, solid–liquid ratio of 6%, H2O2 at 2%, temperature of 60°C, and duration of 120 min. Fitting of the kinetic data using a logarithmic rate law revealed that, except for Cu that followed an intermediate-controlled mechanism with Ea = 27.6 kJ mol–1, all the other metals exhibited a diffusion-controlled mechanism with Ea < 12 kJ mol–1. Not only does this study demonstrate selectivity that will be beneficial to downstream processing, but the use of DoE also makes it applicable industrially.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the affiliated institutions for their continuous support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India

    Pankaj Pathak

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India

    Vinay K. Singh

  3. Research and Development, Vardhman Environmental Consultancy, Rajkot, Gujarat, 360004, India

    Karan Chabhadiya

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  1. Pankaj Pathak
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  2. Vinay K. Singh
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  3. Karan Chabhadiya
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Pathak, P., Singh, V.K. & Chabhadiya, K. Sequential Leaching of Strategic Metals from Exhausted LNCM-Cathode Batteries Using Oxalic and Sulfuric Acid Lixiviants. JOM 73, 1386–1394 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04631-z

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