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Assessment of groundwater quality with special emphasis on fluoride contamination in crystalline bed rock aquifers of Mettur region, Tamilnadu, India

تقييم من ماء جوفيّ نوعية مع [سبسل مفسس] على فلوريد تلوث في بلّوريّة سرير صخرة مستودع جوفيّ من [متّور] منطقة, [تميلندو], هند

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Abstract

Groundwater samples were collected from Mettur taluk of Salem district, Tamilnadu, India for two different seasons (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon) and analyzed for fluoride ion along with other chemical parameters. The major litho units of the study area are Charnockites, peninsular gneiss, and calc gneiss of meta-sedimentary group. The fluoride concentration ranges from 0.1 to 2.8 mg/L and 0.4 to 4.0 mg/L during pre-monsoon (PRM) and post-monsoon (POM) seasons, respectively. Results showed that collected water samples were contaminated by the presence of fluoride ion. During PRM and POM, 21% and 56% of samples recorded higher fluoride when compared with Indian Drinking Water Standard (1 mg/L) and (9% and 35%) of samples recorded higher fluoride when compared with World Health Organization tolerance limit (1.5 mg/L). The ratio of Na/Ca indicates high sodium content in groundwater enhances the dissolution of fluoride at higher pH. Hydrogeochemical facies indicates water-rock interaction as main source for high fluoride in groundwater. A positive correlation between pH, Mg, and F indicates high alkaline nature of water promotes fluoride leaching from source rocks into ground water. Factor analysis indicates hydro-geochemical processes like weathering, ion exchange, and anthropogenic contributes to groundwater chemistry. The saturation index indicates dissolution and precipitation contributes fluoride dissolution along with mixing.

Abstract

[متّور] [تلوك] من سالم منطقة, [تميلندو], هند لاثنان فصول مختلفة ([بر] ريح موسميّة وموقعة ريح موسميّة) وحلّلت ل [فلووريد يون] مع أخرى معلمات كيميائيّ. الكبريات [ليثو] وحدات من الدراسة منطقة [شرنوكيتس], صخر نايس شبه جزيري و [كلك] صخر نايس من ميتا مجموعة رسوبيّة. الفلوريد يتراوح تركيز من 0.1 إلى 2.8 [مغ/ل] و0.4 [تو] 4.0 [مغ/ل] أثناء [برم] و [بوم] فصول على التّوالي. نتيجات أبدوا أنّ لوّنت يجمع [وتر سمبل] كان بالوجود ال [فلووريد يون]. سجّل أثناء [برم] و [بوم] 21% و56% من عينات فلوريد [هيغر] [وهن كمبرد ويث] [درينك وتر] هنديّة معياريّة (1 [مغ/ل]) و(9% و35%) من عينات سجّل فلوريد [هيغر] [وهن كمبرد ويث] [وورلد هلث ورغنيزأيشن] [تولرنس ليميت] (1.5 [مغ/ل]). يشير النسبة ال [ن/ك] عال صوديوم محتوى في ماء جوفيّ يحسن الإنحلال الفلوريد في [ف.] [هيغر]. يشير سحنة مائيّ جوفيّ كيميائيّ [وتر-روك] تفاعل كمصدر رئيسيّة لفلوريد عال في ماء جوفيّ. يشير إرتباط إيجابيّة بين [ف], [مغ] و [ف], طبيعة عال قلويّة ماء يروّج فلوريد يرشح من مصدر صخورة داخل [غرووند وتر]. [فكتور نلسس] يشير يسهم عمليات [هدرو-جوشميكل] مثل [وثرينغ], [إيون-إكسشنج] و [أنثروبوجنيك] إلى ماء جوفيّ كيمياء. التشبع يشير فهرسة إنحلال وترسيب يسهم فلوريد إنحلال مع يمزج.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the anonymous reviewer for his help to improve the manuscript in the present form. Thanks also to Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India for providing this work as a Young Scientist Project to the corresponding author.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar, 608 002, India

    Krishnaraj Srinivasamoorthy, Kannusamy Vijayaraghavan, Murugesan Vasanthavigar, Sabarathinam Chidambaram, Paluchamy Anandhan & Rama Manivannan

  2. National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500 606, India

    Subramanya Sarma

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  1. Krishnaraj Srinivasamoorthy
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  2. Kannusamy Vijayaraghavan
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Srinivasamoorthy, K., Vijayaraghavan, K., Vasanthavigar, M. et al. Assessment of groundwater quality with special emphasis on fluoride contamination in crystalline bed rock aquifers of Mettur region, Tamilnadu, India. Arab J Geosci 5, 83–94 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-010-0162-x

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