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Dynamics of fluvial suspended sediment transport and yield in volcanic highland’s agricultural basin: case of the Noun River, Western Cameroon

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Abstract

The dynamics of suspended sediment transport in the Noun River has been quantified using 93 runoff samples. Daily flow and monthly normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf area index (LAI), rainfall, and dam management data allowed the quantification of the total suspended solid (TSS), on the one hand, and the interpretation of the dynamics of solid transport within the drainage basin, on the other hand. The TSS concentrations range from 3 to 1375 mg L−1 for a volume weighted mean concentration of 90.33 to 110.49 mg L−1 and a specific sediment yield (SSY) of 41 to 57 t km−2 year−1. The basin’s hydrological characteristics between March to June and December to February have been reversed, revealing a strong impact of a dam. The maximum TSS concentration obtained during the second hydrological year at the beginning of the rainy season (April) is paradoxically three times higher compared to that recorded in July during the first measurement period. This occasional high TSS concentration for the single month of April released sedimentary fluxes superior to those recorded over the period of July to November combined, in comparison to those obtained during the first year. This situation causes sediment depletion not only on the next regular maximum TSS concentrations but also on the quantities of sediments exported later. The monthly TSS concentration/discharge does not present a clockwise hysteresis curve observed on tropical streams such as the Mbam and Sanaga in Ebebda, with annual variations in its evolution.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the National Electricity Company of Cameroon (AES-Sonel/Eneo) for generously providing hydroclimatic data of the Sanaga drainage basin and indications on dam operations and their characteristics. Sample analysis and interpretations for the present study where carried out during a postdoctoral internship at the Center for Space Studies of the BIOsphere (CESBIO) of the University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier in France, financed (IDB Bursary 600033113) by the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) through its Merit Scholarship Program for High Technology (MSP).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon

    Amidou Kpoumié

  2. Centre d’Etudes Spatiales de la BIOsphère, UMR 5126, CNRS-CNES-IRD-UPS, IUT Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France

    Amidou Kpoumié & Vincent Bustillo

  3. Institute of Geological and Mining Research (IGMR), P.O. Box 4110, Nlongkak, Yaoundé, Cameroon

    Oumar Farouk Mouncherou

  4. Department of Climatology, Hydrology and Pedology, National Advanced School of Engineering, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 46, Maroua, Cameroon

    André Firmin Bon

  5. Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon

    Zakari Mfonka, Rovile Gaëlle Njinwoua Langue, Abdou Nasser Ngouh, Jules Rémy Ndam Ngoupayou, Oumarou Farikou Mfochivé & Georges Emmanuel Ekodeck

  6. National Institute of Cartography, P.O. Box 157, Yaoundé, Cameroon

    Abdou Nasser Ngouh

  7. Ore Processing Laboratory (LTM), Institute of Geological and Mining Research (IGMR), Yaoundé, Cameroon

    Junior Agbor Taku

  8. Image Processing Laboratory (LTI), Institute of Geological and Mining Research (IGMR), P.O. Box 4110, Nlongkak, Yaoundé, Cameroon

    Salomon Cesar Nguemhé Fils

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Correspondence to Amidou Kpoumié.

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Responsible Editor: Abdullah M. Al-Amri

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Kpoumié, A., Mouncherou, O.F., Bon, A.F. et al. Dynamics of fluvial suspended sediment transport and yield in volcanic highland’s agricultural basin: case of the Noun River, Western Cameroon. Arab J Geosci 13, 116 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-5111-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-5111-8

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