Abstract
Drying characteristics of sour cherries were determined using microwave vacuum drier at various microwave powers (360, 600, 840, 1200 W) and absolute pressures (200, 400, 600, 800 mbars). In addition, using the artificial neural networks (ANN), trained by standard Back-Propagation algorithm, the effects of microwave power, pressure and drying time on moisture ratio (MR) and drying rate (DR) were investigated Based on the evaluation of experimental data fitting with semi-theoretical and empirical models, the Midilli et al. model was selected as the most appropriate one. Furthermore, the ANN model was able to predict the moisture ratio and drying rate quite well with determination coefficients (R2) of 0.9996, 0.9961 and 0.9958 for training, validation and testing, respectively. The prediction Mean Square Error of ANN was about 0.0003, 0.0071 and 0.0053 for training, validation and testing, respectively. This parameter signifies the difference between the desired outputs (as measured values) and the simulated values by the model. The good agreement between the experimental data and ANN model leads to the conclusion that the model adequately describes the drying behavior of sour cherries, in the range of operating conditions tested.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbasi S, Azari S (2009) Novel microwave–freeze drying of onion slices. Int J Food Science & Technol 44(5):974–979
Aghbashlo M, Kianmehr M, Samimi-Akhijahani H (2008) Influence of drying conditions on the effective moisture diffusivity, energy of activation and energy consumption during the thin-layer drying of berberis fruit (Berberidaceae). Energy Con Manag 49:2865–2871
Akpinar E, Midilli A, Bicer Y (2003) Single layer drying behaviour of potato slices in a convective cyclone dryer and mathematical modeling. Energy Conversion and Manag 44:1689–1705
Bondaruk J, Markowski M, Błaszczak W (2007) Effect of drying conditions on the quality of vacuum–microwave dried potato cubes. J Food Eng 81:306–312
Chen C, Wu PC (2001) Thin layer drying model for rough rice with high moisture content. J Agri Eng Res 80(1):45–52
Doymaz I (2004) Convective air drying characteristics of thin layer carrots. J Food Eng 61:359–364
Doymaz I (2005) Influence of pretreatment solution on the drying of sour-cherry. J Food Eng 78:591–6
Drouzas AE, Schubert H (1996) Microwave application in vacuum drying of fruits. J Food Eng 28:203–209
Figiel A (2009) Drying kinetics and quality of vacuum-microwave dehydrated garlic cloves and slices. J Food Eng 94:98–104
Figiel A (2010) Drying kinetics and quality of beetroots dehydrated by combination of convective and vacuum-microwave methods. J Food Eng 98:461–470
Giri SK, Suresh P (2007) Drying kinetics and rehydration characteristics of microwave-vacuum and convective hot-air dried mushrooms. J Food Eng 78:512–521
Henderson SM (1974) Progress in developing the thin-layer drying equation. Transactions of the ASAE 17:1167–1172
Henderson SM, Pabis S (1961) Grain drying theory. temperature affection drying coefficient. J Agri Eng Res 6:169–170
Hertz J, Krogh A, Palmer RG (1991) Introduction to the theory of neural computation. Addison-Wesley, RedWood City
Jaya S, Das H (2003) A vacuum drying model for mango pulp. Drying Technol 21(7):1215–1234
Kaensup W, Chutima S, Wongwises S (2002) Experimental study on drying of chilli in a combined microwave–vacuum-rotary drum dryer. Drying Technol 20:2067–2079
Kompany E, Benchimol J, Allaf K, Ainseba B, Bouvier JM (1993) Carrot dehydration for instant rehydration: dehydration kinetics and modeling. Drying Technol 11(3):451–470
Koyuncu T, Pinar Y, Lule F (2007) Convective drying characteristics of azarole red (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) and yellow (Crataegus aronia Bosc.) fruits. J Food Eng 78:1471–1475
Krulis M, Kuhnert S, Leiker M, Rohm H (2005) Influence of energy input and initial moisture on physical properties of microwave-vacuum dried strawberries. Eur Food Res Technol 221:803–808
Kumar R, Jain S, Garg MK (2010) Drying behavior of rapeseed under thin layer conditions. J Food Sci Technol 47(3):335–338
Lewis WK (1921) The rate of drying of solid materials. Ind Eng Chem 13:427–432
Li Y, Xu SY, Sun DW (2007) Preparation of garlic powder with high allicin content by using combined microwave-vacuum and vacuum drying as well as microencapsulation. J Food Eng 83:76–83
Liu X, Chen X, Wu W, Peng G (2007) A neural network for predicting moisture content of grain drying process using genetic algorithm. Food Control 18:928–933
Menges HO, Ertekin C (2005) Mathematical modeling of thin layer drying of golden apples. J Food Eng 77:119–125
Motevali A, Minaei S, Khoshtagaza MH (2011) Evaluation of energy consumption in different drying methods. Energy Con Manag 52(2):1192–1199
Motevali A, Minaei S, Khoshtaghaza MH, Kazemi M, Nikbakht AM (2010) Drying of pomegranate arils: comparison of predictions from mathematical models and neural networks. Int J food Eng 6(3):1–19
Movagharnejad K, Nikzad M (2007) Modeling of tomato drying using artificial neural networks. Comput Electron Agr 59:78–85
Olumuyiwa FK, Oyedele OO (2010) Effect of osmotic pretreatment on air drying characteristics and colour of pepper (Capsicum spp) cultivars. J Food Sci Technol 48(1):45–52
Ozkan A, Akbudak B, Akbudak N (2007) Microwave drying characteristics of spinach. J Food Eng 78:577–583
Page GE (1949) Factors influencing the maximum rates of air drying shelled corn in thin layers. M. Sc. Thesis, Purdue University.
Poonnoy P, Tansakul A, Chinnan M (2007) Artificial neural network modeling for temperature and moisture content prediction in tomato slices undergoing microwave-vacuum drying. J Food Sci 72(1):42–47
Prajapati VK, Prabhat K, Rathore SS (2010) Effect of pretreatment and drying methods on quality of value-added dried aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) shreds. J Food Sci Technol 48(1):45–52
Sagar VR, Suresh Kumar P (2010) Recent advances in drying and dehydration of fruits and vegetables: a review. J Food Sci Technol 47(1):15–26
Schubert H, Regier M (2005) The microwave processing of foods. 1st ed Woodhead Publishing Limited pp 1–110.
Sharaf-Eldeen YI, Blaisdell JL, Hamdy MY (1980) A model for ear corn drying. Transactions of the ASAE 23:1261–1271
Therdthai N, Zhou W (2009) Characterization of microwave vacuum drying and hot air drying of mint leaves (Mentha cordifolia Opiz ex Fresen). J Food Eng 91:482–489
Tripathy PP, Kumar S (2009) Neural network approach for food temperature prediction during solar drying. Int J Thermal Sci 48:1452–1459
Verma LR, Bucklin RA, Endan JB, Wratten FT (1985) Effects of drying air parameters on rice drying models. Transactions of the ASAE 28:296–301
Wang Z, Sun J, Liao X, Chen F, Zhao G, Wu J, Hu X (2007) Mathematical modelling on hot air drying of thin layer apple pomace. Food Res Int 40:39–46
Yagcioglu A, Degirmencioglu A, Cagatay F (1999) Drying characteristic of laurel leaves under different conditions. In A. Bascetincelik (Ed.), Proceedings of the7th international congress on agricultural mechanization and energy, 26–27 May, Adana, Turkey (pp. 565–569). Faculty of Agriculture, اukurova University
Yaldiz O, Ertekin C (2001) Thin layer solar drying of some vegetables. Drying Technol 19:583–596
Zhang M, Tang J, Mujumdar AS, Wang S (2006) Trends in microwave-related drying of fruits and vegetables. Trends Food Sci Technol 17:524–534
Zheng-Wei C, Shi-Ying X, Da-Wen S (2004a) Microwave–vacuum drying kinetics of carrot slices. J Food Eng 65:157–164
Zheng-Wei C, Shi-Ying X, Da-Wen S (2004b) Effect of microwave–vacuum drying on the carotenoids retention of carrot slices and chlorophyll retention of Chinese chive leaves. Drying Technol 22:561–574
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Motavali, A., Najafi, G.H., Abbasi, S. et al. Microwave–vacuum drying of sour cherry: comparison of mathematical models and artificial neural networks. J Food Sci Technol 50, 714–722 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0393-1
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0393-1