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Effect of salinity stress on photosynthesis and related physiological responses in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)

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Abstract

The effect of salinity stress on growth and photosynthesis has been studied in various plants. However, reports on the impacts of salt stress on the growth and physiological factors in carnation are limited. In this study, we measured how photosynthesis and related parameters were affected by salinity stress at the flowering stage of carnation. Salinity reduced the photosynthetic rate and related parameters, including stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration. Chlorophyll content slightly increased at lower NaCl concentrations, and showed a decreasing tendency at higher NaCl concentrations. ABA content increased with increasing NaCl concentrations. The duration and extent of sap flow significantly decreased at higher NaCl concentrations compared to the untreated control on both sunny and cloudy days. At 200 mM NaCl, stressed leaves appeared to have smaller cell size and larger intercellular spaces. Stomata subsided at lower and upper epiderma, while stomatal size and density decreased at higher NaCl. Epicuticular wax layer was particularly thicker at 200 mM NaCl and some stomata were completely covered with the epicuticular wax. Hence, the results reported here facilitate a better understanding of the potential salt tolerant mechanism adopted by carnation to reduce transpirational water loss from the plant under salt stress. Overall, the reduced photosynthetic capacity under salinity stress could be attributed to a decreased stomatal conductance.

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Data availability

All the data sets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on request.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by Rural Development Administration (Project No. PJ012621012019), Republic of Korea.

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Author notes

  1. Oh Keun Kwon and Manjulatha Mekapogu contributed equally to this study.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, South Korea

    Oh Keun Kwon & Manjulatha Mekapogu

  2. Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea

    Ki Sun Kim

Authors
  1. Oh Keun Kwon
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  2. Manjulatha Mekapogu
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  3. Ki Sun Kim
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Contributions

OKK: conceived and designed the experiments, performed the physiology experiments and analyzed the data. MM: performed the morphological experiments and wrote the manuscript. KSK: critically reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Oh Keun Kwon.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Communicated by Jongyun Kim, Ph.D.

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Kwon, O.K., Mekapogu, M. & Kim, K.S. Effect of salinity stress on photosynthesis and related physiological responses in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus). Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol. 60, 831–839 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-019-00189-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-019-00189-7

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