Abstract
Bioethanol from renewable resources has gained great attention as one of the alternatives to partially replace transportation fuel from fossil fuel. Watermelon rind waste (WRW) is among of the renewable resources generated from agriculture industry that content high level of cellulose fraction which can be converted into bioethanol. To operate the fermentation process effective and efficiently, the fermentation is needed to be carried out under optimum condition. Furthermore, understanding the bioethanol production and growth kinetic model are necessary to predict the production of bioethanol under the optimized condition. Thus, this work was design to investigate the influence of fermentation operating parameters such as initial biomass concentration, rate of agitation and temperature towards bioethanol production. Further, the kinetic model for yeast growth during WRW hydrolysate fermentation was determined using logistic and Gompertz models. The maximum bioethanol concentration of 29.59 ± 2.52 gL−1 corresponding to bioethanol yield of 0.48 gbioethanol/gsugar was obtained when fermentation was performed using 150 gL−1 biomass at 150 rpm and 35 °C. Unstructured logistic model described well the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the ethanol production from WRW hydrolysate with maximum biomass concentration (Xmax), and growth rate (umax) is 2.92 gL−1 and 0.27 h−1. High significant R2 and low residual mean standard deviation (RMSD) value of 0.92 and 2.74 were obtained from this analysis. Furthermore, the product kinetic analysis using Luedeking–Piret analysis study adequately described bioethanol production from WRW hydrolysate as mixed-growth associate product formation manner (R2 = 0.92). The result obtained from this study provides a useful information on further bioprocessing system for bioethanol production from watermelon waste.
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The author gratefully acknowledges School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, for allowing them to utilize the available facilities in the laboratory.
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Kassim, M.A., Hussin, A.H., Meng, T.K. et al. Valorisation of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) rind waste into bioethanol: an optimization and kinetic studies. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 2545–2558 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03310-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03310-5