Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Crop Establishment Methods, Use of Microbial Consortia, Biofilms and Zinc Fertilization for Enhancing Productivity and Profitability of Rice–Wheat Cropping System

  • Full-Length Research Article
  • Published:
Agricultural Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Rice–wheat cropping system in India (RWCS) is facing several problems which lead to reducing productivity and profitability. Change in the crop establishment methods (CEMs) and nutrient and water management strategies have considerable influence on both productivity and profitability. Our 2-year study at ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute—showed that net return in aerobic rice system followed by (fb) zero-till wheat increased by ₹ 3416–7737 ha−1 over the conventional puddled transplanted rice fb conventional drill-sown wheat and ₹ 7864–12,376 ha−1 over system of rice intensification (SRI) fb system of wheat intensification due to savings in energy and water, even though gross return and system productivity were statistically identical in all three CEMs. Zinc fertilization increased the net return and system productivity by ₹ 5350–7670 ha−1 and 0.34–0.39 Mg ha−1 when applied with 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (120 kg nitrogen ha−1 and 25.8 kg phosphorus ha−1). Nutrient management strategy involving Anabaena–Pseudomonas biofilmed formulations improved system productivity by 350–440 kg ha−1 and net return by ₹ 9217–11,344 ha−1 over the same quantity of chemical fertilizer application. Net return was highly correlated with cost of cultivation (R2 = 0.95 and 0.99) than the gross return in both years indicating the importance of cost of cultivation in selecting CEM than gross return.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Asada H, Matsumoto J (2009) Effects of rainfall variation on rice production in the Ganges–Brahmaputra Basin. Clim Res 38:249–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Auffhammer M, Ramanathan V, Vincent JR (2011) Climate change, the monsoon, and rice yield in India. Clim Change. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0208-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Benbi DK, Brar JS (2009) A 25-year record of carbon sequestration and soil properties in intensive agriculture. Agron Sustain Dev 29:257–265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bouyoucos CJ (1962) Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis of soil. Agron J 54:464–465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Chan CS, Zainudin H, Saad A, Azmi M (2012) Productive water use in aerobic rice cultivation. J Trop Agric Food Sci 49(1):117–126

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Chauhan BS, Mahajan G, Sardana V, Timsina J, Jat ML (2012) Productivity and sustainability of the rice–wheat cropping system in indo-Gangetic plains of the Indian subcontinent: problems, opportunities and strategies. Adv Agron 117:315–369

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Dobermann A (2004) A critical assessment of the system of rice intensification. Agric Syst 79:261–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Dore T, Makowaski D, Malezieux E, Jolain NM, Tchamitchian M, Tittonell P (2011) Facing up paradigm of ecological intensification in agronomy: revisiting methods, concepts and knowledge. Eur J Agron 34:197–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Erenstein O, Laxmi V (2008) Zero tillage impacts in India’s rice–wheat system: a review. Soil Tillage Res 100:1–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Erenstein OU, Farooq RK, Malik M, Sharif (2008) On-farm impacts of zero tillage wheat in South Asia’s rice–wheat systems. Field Crops Res 105:240–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Gomez KA, Gomez AA (1984) Statistical procedures for agricultural research. An international rice research institute book, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  12. Gopalakrishnan S, Mahender Kumar R, Humayun Pagidi, Srinivas V, Ratna Kumari B, Vijayabharathi R, Singh A, Surekha K, Padmavathi Ch, Somashekar N, Raghuveer Rao P, Latha PC, Subba Rao VL, Babu RV, Viraktamath BC, Vinod Goud V, Loganandhan N, Gujja B, Rupela O (2014) Assessment of different methods of rice (Oryza sativa L) cultivation affecting growth parameters, soil chemical, biological, and microbiological properties, water saving, and grain yield in rice–rice system. Paddy Water Environ 12:79–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Govindarasu R, Paramasivam K, Nadaradjan S, Shashidhara N, Vengatesh M (2015) Aerobic rice: a production system for water scarceness. AE Int J Sci Technol 3(6):1–4

    Google Scholar 

  14. Hanway JJ, Heidel H (1952) Soil analysis methods as used in Iowa state college Soil Testing Laboratory, vol 57. Bulletin. Iowa State College of agriculture, Iowa, p 131

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hegde DM, Sudhakara Babu SN, Aziz Qureshi A, Murthy IYLN (2007) Enhancing nutrient use efficiency in crop production—a review. Indian J Agron 52(4):261–274

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Hira GS (2009) Water management in northern state and food security of India. J Crop Improv 23:136–157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Hugar AY, Chandrappa H, Jayadeva HM, Sathish A, Mallikarjun GB (2009) Influence of different establishment methods on yield and economics of rice. Agric Sci Dig 29(3):202–205

    Google Scholar 

  18. Jackson ML (1973) Soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  19. Jalota SK, Sood A, Chahal GBS, Choudhury BU (2006) Crop water productivity of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)–wheat (Triticum aestium L.) system as influenced by deficit irrigation, soil texture and precipitation. Agric Water Manag 84:137–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kumar V, Ladha LK (2011) Direct seeding of rice: recent developments and future research needs. Adv Agron 111:297–412

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kumar V, Saharawat YS, Gathala MK, Jat AS, Singh SK, Chaudhary N, Jat ML (2013) Effect of different tillage and seeding methods on energy use efficiency and productivity of wheat in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Field Crops Res 142:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Lindsay WL, Norvell WA (1978) Development of DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Sci Soc Am J 42:421–428

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Mallareddy M, Padmaja B (2013) Response of rice varieties to nitrogen under aerobic and flooded condition. Indian J Agron 58(4):500–505

    Google Scholar 

  24. Naresh RK, Dhaliwal SS, Kumar D, Tomar SS, Misra AK, Singh SP, Kumar P, Kumar V, Gupta RK (2014) Tillage and rice–wheat cropping system influence on soil physical properties: water balance and wheat yield under irrigated conditions. Afr J Agric Res 9(32):2463–2474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Nayyar VK, Arora CL, Kataki PK (2001) Management of soil micronutrient deficiencies in the rice–wheat cropping system. J Crop Product 4(1):87–131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Piper CS (1950) Soil and plant analysis. The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, p 286

    Google Scholar 

  27. Prasad R (2005) Rice–wheat cropping system. Adv Agron 86:255–339

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Prasad R (2011) Aerobic rice systems. Adv Agron 111:207–255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Prasad R, Nagrajan S (2004) Rice-what cropping system-food security and sustainability. Curr Sci 87(10):1334–1335

    Google Scholar 

  30. Prasanna R, Joshi M, Rana A, Shivay YS, Nain L (2012) Influence of co-inoculation of bacteria–cyanobacteria on crop yield and C–N sequestration in soil under rice crop. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 28(3):1223–1235

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Prasanna R, Kumar R, Sood A, Prasanna BM, Singh PK (2006) Morphological, physiochemical and molecular characterization of Anabaena strains. Microbiol Res 161(3):187–202

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Rana A, Joshi M, Prasanna R, Shivay YS, Nain L (2012) Biofortification of wheat through inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and cyanbacteria. Eur J Soil Biol 50:118–126

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Rehman H, Aziz T, Farooq M, Wakeel A, Rengel Z (2010) Zinc nutrition in rice production systems. Plant Soil 361(1–2):203–226

    Google Scholar 

  34. Rodríguez H, Fraga R (1999) Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion. Biotechnol Adv 17:319–339

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Saito K, Linquist B, Keobualapha B, Phanthaboon K, Shiraiwa Horie T (2006) Cropping intensity and rainfall effects on upland rice yields in northern Laos. Plant Soil 284:175–185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Sankar Maruthi GR, Sharma LK, Reddy SK, Pratibha G, Shinde R, Singh SR, Nema AK, Singh RP, Rath BS, Mishra A, Behera BD, Subudhi CR, Singh B, Singh HC, Singh AK, Rusia DK, Yadava MS, Thyagaraj CR, Mishra PK, Suma Chandrika M, Venkateswarlu B (2013) Efficient tillage and nutrient management practices for sustainable yield, profitability and energy use efficiency for rice based cropping system in different soils and agro-climatic conditions. Exp Agric 49(2):161–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Shahane AA, Singh YV, Kumar D, Prasanna R, Chakraborty D (2015) Effect of planting methods and cyanobacterial inoculants on yield, water productivity and economics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation. J Agric Rural Dev Trop Subtrop 116(2):107–121

    Google Scholar 

  38. Shivay YS, Prasad R (2012) Zinc coated urea improves productivity and quality of basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) under zinc stress condition. J Plant Nutr 35:928–951

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Shivay YS, Prasad R, Rahal A (2008) Relative efficiency of zinc oxide and zinc sulphate enriched urea for spring wheat. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 82:259–264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Shivay YS, Kumar D, Prasad R (2008) Effect of zinc enriched urea on productivity, zinc uptake and efficiency of an aromatic rice–wheat cropping system. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 81:229–243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Shukla AK, Behera SK, Shivay YS, Singh P, Singh AK (2012) Micronutrient and field crop production in India: a review. Indian J Agron 57:123–130

    Google Scholar 

  42. Singh KK, Jat AS, Sharma SK (2005) Improving productivity and profitability of rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system through tillage and planting method. Indian J Agric Sci 75(7):396–399

    Google Scholar 

  43. Singh YV (2013) Crop and water productivity as influenced by rice cultivation methods under organic and inorganic sources of nutrient supply. Paddy Water Environ 11:531–542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Subbiah BV, Asija GL (1956) A rapid procedure for the determination of available nitrogen in soils. Curr Sci 25:259–260

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Thakur AK, Uphoff N, Antony E (2010) An assessment of physiological effects of system of rice intensification (SRI) practices compared to recommended rice cultivated practices in India. Exp Agric 46:77–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Thakur AK, Rath S, Kumar A (2011) Performance evaluation of rice varieties under the system of rice intensification compared with the conventional transplanting system. Arch Agron Soil Sci 57(3):223–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Timsina J, Connor DJ (2001) Productivity and management of rice–wheat cropping system: issues and challenges. Field Crops Res 69:93–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Tripathi RS, Raju R, Thimmappa K (2013) Impact of zero tillage on economics of wheat production in Haryana. Agric Econ Res Rev 26(1):101–108

    Google Scholar 

  49. Uphoff N (1999) Agroecological implications of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Madagascar. Environ Dev Sustain 1:3–4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Walkley AJ, Black IK (1934) An examination of the Degtjareff method for determination of soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci 37:29–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Amit Anil Shahane, Yashbir Singh Shivay, Dinesh Kumar & Radha Prasanna

Authors
  1. Amit Anil Shahane
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yashbir Singh Shivay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Dinesh Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Radha Prasanna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yashbir Singh Shivay.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shahane, A.A., Shivay, Y.S., Kumar, D. et al. Crop Establishment Methods, Use of Microbial Consortia, Biofilms and Zinc Fertilization for Enhancing Productivity and Profitability of Rice–Wheat Cropping System. Agric Res 8, 44–55 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-018-0344-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-018-0344-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation