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Physico-chemical Parameters of Groundwater of Bishnah, District Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present study aims to assess the physico-chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, fluoride, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron and total hardness) of the underground water in tehsil Bishnah, district Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The water samples were collected from tube wells and hand pumps in 26 chosen sites during the pre-monsoon period (May, June 2013). The results were compared with standard values of drinking water prescribed by IS: 10500, BIS and WHO. It was observed that certain parameters like electrical conductivity, bicarbonate, nitrate, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium and iron as determined from the groundwater samples of tehsil Bishnah were above the limits set by IS: 10500, WHO and BIS at certain places. To analyse the data with statistical point of view the statistical parameters like mean, range, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, correlation coefficient, kurtosis, skewness were systematically calculated for each parameter. Also, single factor Anova tables, Piper diagram and Schoeller graph were prepared to signify the major results. Also, an account has been prepared to analyze the factors like sum of anions (meq/L), sum of cations (meq/L), calculated TDS (mg/L), dissolved minerals (mg/L) like halite (NaCl), sylvite (KCl), carbonate (CaCO3), dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2), anhydrite (CaSO4), permanent hardness, temporary hardness and alkalinity.

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Acknowledgments

The author is grateful to the Jammu and Kashmir State Council for Science and Technology, Department of Science and Technology, Jammu and Kashmir for providing the financial assistance for this study.

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  1. Government College for Women, Parade Ground, Jammu, 180 001, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Pragya Khanna

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  1. Pragya Khanna
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Correspondence to Pragya Khanna.

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Khanna, P. Physico-chemical Parameters of Groundwater of Bishnah, District Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. 85, 121–130 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-014-0345-4

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