Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Hydro-chemical Survey and Quantifying Spatial Variations of Groundwater Quality in Dwarka, Sub-city of Delhi, India

  • Original Contribution
  • Published:
Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Hydrological and geological aspect of the region play vital role for water resources utilization and development. Protection and management of groundwater resources are possible with the study of spatio-temporal water quality parameters. The study was undertaken to assess the deterioration in groundwater quality, through systematic sampling during post monsoon seasons of the year 2008 by collecting water samples from thirty bore wells located in Dwarka, sub-city of Delhi, India. The average concentrations of groundwater quality parameters namely Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Nitrate (NO3 −), Chloride (Cl−), sulphate (SO4 2−), total hardness (TH), total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity were 300, 178, 26.5, 301, 103, 483, 1042 mg/l and 1909 μS/cm respectively. Estimated physico-chemical parameters revealed that 7 % of the groundwater samples shown nitrate concentrations higher than safe limit prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO). Groundwater quality the in study region was poor due to come out result that NO3 − concentration exceeding the threshold value of 50 mg/l, and main cause is disposal of sewage and animal wastes to Najafgarh drain. Dominant cations are Mg2+, Ca2+ and anions are SO4 2− and Cl−. The abundance of the major ions in groundwater is in the order: Ca2+ > Mg2+ and Cl− > SO4 2− > NO3. TH have strong correlation with Ca2+ (r = 0.81), Mg2+ (r = 0.82), Cl− (r = 0.86) but poor correlation with TDS (r = 0.52). Knowledge of correlation values between water quality parameters is helpful to take decision of appropriate management strategy for controlling groundwater pollution.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. E. Barca, G. Passarella, Spatial evaluation of the risk of groundwater quality degradation. A comparison between disjunctive kriging and geostatistical simulation. Environ. Monit. Assess. 137, 261–273 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. A.N. Jerry, Basic environmental technology (water supply, waste disposal and pollution control) (Wiley, New York, 1986)

    Google Scholar 

  3. A.O. Aksoy, T. Scheytt, Assessment of groundwater pollution around Torbali, Izmir, Turkey. Environ. Geol. 53, 19–25 (2007). doi:10.1007/s00254-006-0614-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. R. Kumari, A. Kaur, D. Mallick, R.K. Singh, S. Nijhawan, Restoration and management study of water bodies in the west district of NCT-Delhi. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl Sci. 3(7), 938–944 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  5. P.S. Datta, D.L. Deb, S.K. Tyagi, Assessment of groundwater contamination from fertilizers in the Delhi area based on 18O, NO3 and K+ composition. J. Contam. Hydrol. 27, 249–262 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. S. Shekhar, A. Sarkar, Hydrogeological characterization and assessment of groundwater quality in shallow aquifers in vicinity of Najafgarh drain of NCT Delhi. J. Earth Syst. Sci. 122(1), 43–54 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. I.S. Babiker, M.A.A. Mohamed, T. Hiyama, Assessing groundwater quality using GIS. Water Resour. Manag. 21, 699–715 (2007). doi:10.1007/s11269-006-9059-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. INSA de Lyon, Strategies for water supply in a planned urban extension A case study of the Dwarka sub-city in Delhi. Report, (2004)

  9. EIA Report, Rapid environmental impact assessment report for proposed new GGSIP University Campus at Sector 16-C, Dwarka, New Delhi, (2006)

  10. REIA (Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment, Study for proposed integrated complex for Delhi Judicial Academy (National Law School and National Institute for Mediation & Conciliation, Dwarka, 2006)

    Google Scholar 

  11. P. Mandal, R. Upadhyay, A. Hasan, Seasonal and spatial variation of Yamuna River water quality in Delhi, India. Environ. Monit. Assess. 170, 661–670 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. V.K. Tripathi, T.B.S. Rajput, N. Patel, Lata, Hydraulic performance of drip irrigation system with municipal wastewater. J. Agric. Eng. 48(2), 15–22 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  13. APHA, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, 1992)

    Google Scholar 

  14. B.R. Yadav, D. Singh, in Analysis of irrigation waters for quality assessment, ed. by H.L.S Tandon (Fertiliser Development and Consultation Organisation, Pamposh Enclave, New Delhi, 2005), pp. 112–152

  15. N. Kumar, D.K. Sinha, Drinking water quality management through correlation studies among various physio-chemical parameters: a case study. Int. J. Environ. Sci. 1(2), 253–259 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  16. C.J. Rabinove, R.H. Longford, J.W. BrookHart, Saline water resource of North Dakota U.S. Geol. Sur. Water Supply Paper 1428, 72 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  17. A. Kumar, U.P. Shahi, B.P. Dhyani, R.K. Naresh, B. Singh, Y. Kumar, S. Sardar, Quality assessment of ground water in PMDE treated farm land for drinking purpose. Plant Arch. 11(1), 187–191 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  18. S. Mor, R. Khaiwal, R.P. Dahiya, A. Chandra, Leachate characterization and assessment of groundwater pollution near municipal solid waste landfill site. Environ. Monit. Assess. 118, 435–456 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. J.E. Harbison, Ground water chemistry and hydrological processes within a quaternary coastal plain: Pimpama, South East Queensland. Ph.D thesis submitted to School of Natural Resource Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 2007

  20. D. Evans, I.R. Moxon, J.H.C. Thomas, Groundwater nitrate contaminants from the old Chalford Nitrate Sensitive Area, West Oxfordshire. J. Inst. Water Environ. Manag. 7, 507–512 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  21. M.H. Ward, T.M. De Kok, P. Levallios, J. Brender, G. Gulis, B.T. Nolan, J. Vander Slice, Drinking water nitrate and health-recent findings and research needs. Environ. Health Perspect. 113, 1607–1614 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. WHO, Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 3rd edn. (World Health Organization, Geneva, 2004)

    Google Scholar 

  23. G. Gilli, G. Corrao, S. Faviui, Concentrations of nitrates in drinking water and incidence of gastric carcinomas first descriptive study or the Piemonte Region, Italy. Sci. Total Environ. 34, 35–48 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. W. Grant, G. Steele, S.A. Isiorho, Spontaneous abortions possibly related to ingestion of nitrate-contaminated well water language country, Indiana, 1991–1994. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 45, 569–572 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  25. D.K. Mueller, D.R. Helser, Nudrienty in the nation’s water-too much of a good thing? U.S. Geological Survey circular 1136 (United States Geological Survey, Denver, 1996)

    Google Scholar 

  26. D.N. Mueller, P.A. Hamilton, D.R. Helsel, K.J. Hitt, B.C. Reddy, Nutrients in ground water and surface water of the united states—an analysis or data through 1992, water-resources investigations report 95-4031 (United State Geological Survey, Denver, 1995)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Remote Sensing and Geo-Informatics, Sathyabama University, Chennai, 600119, India

    Kishan Singh Rawat

  2. Centre for Water Engineering & Management, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, 835205, India

    Vinod Kumar Tripathi

Authors
  1. Kishan Singh Rawat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Vinod Kumar Tripathi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vinod Kumar Tripathi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rawat, K.S., Tripathi, V.K. Hydro-chemical Survey and Quantifying Spatial Variations of Groundwater Quality in Dwarka, Sub-city of Delhi, India. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. A 96, 99–108 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-015-0116-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-015-0116-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation