Abstract
In the present work, a comparative study has been carried out between sandwich functionally graded beams made up of power law and exponential and sigmoidal laws under free vibration conditions. The study has been carried out using the recently proposed higher-order zigzag theory. The present formulation satisfies all important necessary conditions such as interlaminar transverse stress continuity condition at the interface. The present formulation incorporates transverse normal stress and hence is more efficient. Also, the present formulation satisfies zero transverse shear stress conditions at the top and bottom surface of the beam. Three-noded C-0 finite element having eight degrees of freedom per node is used during the study. The present formulation is free from any post-processing requirements. The efficiency of the present model has been carried out by comparing the present results for the power-law sandwich FGM beam with those available in the literature. Variation of stresses across the thickness for the first six modes in graphical form is also reported. Several new results have also been presented in the manuscript, especially for exponential and sigmoidal sandwich FGM beams, which will serve as the benchmark for future studies.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. Garg, H.D. Chalak, A review on analysis of laminated composite and sandwich structures under hygrothermal conditions. Thin-Walled Struct. 142, 205–226 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.05.005
P.R. Kumar, K.M. Rao, N.M. Rao, Effect of taper on free vibration of functionally graded rotating beam by Mori-Tanaka method. J. Inst. Eng. Ser. C. 100, 729–736 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-018-0477-z
R. Sharma, V.K. Jadon, B. Singh, A review on the finite element methods for heat conduction in functionally graded materials. J. Inst. Eng. Ser. C. 96, 73–81 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-014-0125-1
M. Patni, S. Minera, R.M.J. Groh, A. Pirrera, P.M. Weaver, Three-dimensional stress analysis for laminated composite and sandwich structures. Compos. Part B Eng. 155, 299–328 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.08.127
A. Garg, H. Chalak, Analysis of non-skew and skew laminated composite and sandwich plates under hygro-thermo-mechanical conditions including transverse stress variations. J. Sandw. Struct. Mater. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1177/1099636220932782
A.S. Sayyad, Y.M. Ghugal, Modeling and analysis of functionally graded sandwich beams: a review. Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct. 26, 1776–1795 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2018.1447178
M. Belarbi, A.M. Zenkour, A. Tati, S.J. Salami, A. Khechai, M. Houari, An efficient eight-node quadrilateral element for free vibration analysis of multilayer sandwich plates. Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 22, 2360–2387 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.6624
M.O. Belarbi, A. Tati, H. Ounis, A. Benchabane, Development of a 2D isoparametric finite element model based on the layerwise approach for the bending analysis of sandwich plates. Struct. Eng. Mech. 57, 473–506 (2016). https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.57.3.473
A. Garg, H.D. Chalak, M.-O. Belarbi, A.M. Zenkour, R. Sahoo, Estimation of carbon nanotubes and their applications as reinforcing composite materials–an engineering review. Compos. Struct. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114234
H.-T. Thai, T.-K. Nguyen, T.P. Vo, J. Lee, Analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates using a new first-order shear deformation theory. Eur. J. Mech. A/Solids. 45, 211–225 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2013.12.008
P.F. Pai, A new look at shear correction factors and warping functions of anisotropic laminates. Int. J. Solids Struct. 32, 2295–2313 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(94)00258-X
M.O. Belarbi, M.S.A. Houari, A.A. Daikh, A. Garg, T. Merzouki, H.D. Chalak, H. Hirane, Nonlocal finite element model for the bending and buckling analysis of functionally graded nanobeams using a novel shear deformation theory. Compos. Struct. 264, 113712 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113712
X. Wang, S. Li, Free vibration analysis of functionally graded material beams based on Levinson beam theory. Appl. Math. Mech. 37, 861–878 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10483-016-2094-9
M. Belarbi, A. Khechai, A. Bessaim, M. Houari, A. Garg, H. Hirane, H. Chalak, Finite element bending analysis of symmetric and non-symmetric functionally graded sandwich beams using a novel parabolic shear deformation theory. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part L J. Mater. Des. Appl. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207211005096
L.C. Trinh, T.P. Vo, A.I. Osofero, J. Lee, Fundamental frequency analysis of functionally graded sandwich beams based on the state space approach. Compos. Struct. 156, 263–275 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.11.010
M. Liu, Y. Cheng, J. Liu, High-order free vibration analysis of sandwich plates with both functionally graded face sheets and functionally graded flexible core. Compos. Part B Eng. 72, 97–107 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.11.037
T.P. Vo, H. Thai, T. Nguyen, A. Maheri, J. Lee, Finite element model for vibration and buckling of functionally graded sandwich beams based on a refined shear deformation theory. Eng. Struct. 64, 12–22 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.01.029
M.C. Amirani, S.M.R. Khalili, N. Nemati, Free vibration analysis of sandwich beam with FG core using the element free Galerkin method. Compos. Struct. 90, 373–379 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2009.03.023
A.I. Osofero, T.P. Vo, T.K. Nguyen, J. Lee, Analytical solution for vibration and buckling of functionally graded sandwich beams using various quasi-3D theories. J. Sandw. Struct. Mater. 18, 3–29 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1177/1099636215582217
J.S. Rad, A. Tivay, M. Sadighi, Free vibration analysis of FGM sandwich beams containing edge cracks. Adv. Mater. Res. 488–489, 230–235 (2012)
A.S. Sayyad, P.V. Avhad, On static bending, elastic buckling and free vibration analysis of symmetric functionally graded sandwich beams. J. Solid Mech. 11, 166–180 (2019). https://doi.org/10.22034/JSM.2019.664227
T.-K. Nguyen, B.-D. Nguyen, A new higher-order shear deformation theory for static, buckling and free vibration analysis of functionally graded sandwich beams. J. Sandw. Struct. Mater. 17, 613–631 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1177/1099636215589237
T.-K. Nguyen, T.P. Vo, B.-D. Nguyen, J. Lee, An analytical solution for buckling and vibration analysis of functionally graded sandwich beams using a quasi-3D shear deformation theory. Compos. Struct. 156, 238–252 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.11.074
K. Koutoati, F. Mohri, E.M. Daya, Finite element approach of axial bending coupling on static and vibration behaviors of functionally graded material sandwich beams. Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2019.1685144
A.A. Daikh, M.S.A. Houari, M.O. Belarbi, S. Chakraverty, M.A. Eltaher, Analysis of axially temperature-dependent functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite plates. Eng. Comput. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-021-01413-8
M. Dorduncu, Stress analysis of sandwich plates with functionally graded cores using peridynamic differential operator and refined zigzag theory. Thin-Walled Struct. 146, 106468 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.106468
M. Di Sciuva, M. Sorrenti, Bending and free vibration analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates: an assessment of the refined zigzag theory. J. Sandw. Struct. Mater. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1177/1099636219843970
S. Brischetto, Classical and mixed advanced models for sandwich plates embedding functionally graded cores. J. Mech. Mater. Struct. 4, 13–33 (2009). https://doi.org/10.2140/jomms.2009.4.13
E. Carrera, S. Brischetto, M. Cinefra, M. Soave, Effects of thickness stretching in functionally graded plates and shells. Compos. Part B Eng. 42, 123–133 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2010.10.005
A. Garg, H.D. Chalak, A. Chakrabarti, Bending analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates using HOZT including transverse displacement effects. Mech. Based Des. Struct. Mach. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/15397734.2020.1814157
S. Yildirim, Free vibration analysis of sandwich beams with functionally-graded-cores by complementary functions method. AIAA J. 58, 5431–5439 (2020). https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J059587
A. Garg, H. Chalak, Novel higher-order zigzag theory for analysis of laminated sandwich beams. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part L J Mater. Des. Appl. 235, 176–194 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1177/1464420720957045
A. Garg, H.D. Chalak, A. Chakrabarti, Comparative study on the bending of sandwich FGM beams made up of different material variation laws using refined layerwise theory. Mech. Mater. 151, 103634 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2020.103634
A. Garg, H.D. Chalak, M. Belarbi, A.M. Zenkour, Hygro-thermo-mechanical based bending analysis of symmetric and unsymmetric power-law, exponential and sigmoidal FG sandwich beams. Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2021.1931993
H.D. Chalak, A. Chakrabarti, M.A. Iqbal, A.H. Sheikh, Vibration of laminated sandwich beams having soft core. JVC/J. Vib. Control. 18, 1422–1435 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546311421947
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to MHRD, Government of India and National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, India for providing financial assistance for the present work through the scholarship grant (2K17/NITK/PHD/6170004).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare there exists no conflict of interest regarding the present manuscript in any form.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Garg, A., Chalak, H.D., Belarbi, MO. et al. Finite Element-based Free Vibration Analysis of Power-Law, Exponential and Sigmoidal Functionally Graded Sandwich Beams. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. C 102, 1167–1201 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-021-00740-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-021-00740-5