Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Role of Soluble Materials on the Hydro-mechanical Properties of Collapsible Gypseous Soil

  • Technical Paper
  • Published:
Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A program of laboratory tests and analysis of results was conducted for Iraqi gypseous soil to understand the role of soluble minerals on some hydro-mechanical characteristics of such soils. The hydraulic gradient of 6.67 corresponding to a head of 1.0 m was used to leach the soil samples. A collapse test was carried out on samples before and after leaching. The findings showed that the geotechnical characteristics were affected by leaching which appeared to increase the sand percentage, void ratio, and coefficient of permeability; however, the gravel percentage, fine percentage, specific gravity, and parameters of shear strength were less affected. A multiple linear regression modeling (MLR) was done by taking substantial input variables (TDS, EC, pH, and t) and one output variable (Ksat.). The models were assessed using statistical parameters; it is concluded that the MLR is reliable in modeling the coefficient of permeability per site.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

All data used in this manuscript are included in the text.

References

  • Ahmad, F., Azlin, M., Said, M., Najah, L.: Effect of leaching and gypsum content on the properties of gypseous soils. Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ. 2(9), 1–5 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Gharbawi, A.S.A., Fattah, M.Y., Mahmood, M.R.: Evaluation of leaching behavior of treated and untreated gypseous soil. IOP. Conf. Ser: Earth Environ Sci. 856, 012050 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/856/1/012050

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Obaidi, Q.A.J.: Hydro-mechanical behaviour of collapsible soils, PhD thesis. In: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Bochum (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Asghari, S., Ghafoori, M., Tabatabai, S.S.: The evaluation of changes in permeability and chemical composition of gypseous soils through leaching in Southern Mashhad, Iran. Malays. J. Civ. Eng. 26(3), 337–348 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Asghari, S., Ghafoori, M., Tabatabai, S.S.: Changes in chemical composition and engineering properties of gypseous soils through leaching: an example from Mashhad, Iran. Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ., Springer. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1076-6

  • ASTM D3080: Standard test method for direct shear test of soils under consolidated drained conditions. ASTM International, West Conshohocken (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • ASTM D422-07: e2, Standard test method for particle-size analysis of soils. ASTM International, West Conshohocken (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • ASTM D5333: Standard test method for measurement of collapse potential of soils. ASTM International, West Conshohocken (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • BS 1377-1: Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes. British Standards Institution, London (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chikhaoui, M., Belayachi, N., Nechnech, A., Hoxha, D.: Experimental characterization of the hydromechanical properties of the gypsum soil of Sebkha of Oran, Period. Polytech. Civ. Eng. 61(4), 706–717 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3311/PPci.10468

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fattah, M.Y., Al-Shakarchi, Y.J., Al-Numani, H.N.: Long-term behavior of a gypseous soil. Eng. Technol. J., University of Technology. 26(12), 1461–1483 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fattah, M.Y., Al-Ani, M.M., Al-Lamy, M.T.A.: Studying collapse potential of gypseous soils treated by grouting. Soils. Found. J. 54(3), 396–404 (2014) Elsevier Publishing

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fattah, M.Y., Hameedi, M.K., Aswad, M.F.: Determination of collapse potential of gypseous soil from field and laboratory tests, Diyala. J. Eng. Sci. 10(2), 75–85 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fattah, M.Y., Obead, I.H., Omran, H.A.: A study on leaching of collapsible gypseous soils. Int. J. Geotech. Eng. 16(1), 44–54 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2019.1647664 Taylor and Francis

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayal, A.L., Al-Gharrawi, A.M.B., Fattah, M.Y.: Effect of nanomaterials on shear strength of gypseous soil, Kufa. J. Eng. 12(1), 1–14 (2021). https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/KJE/120101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ismael, N.F.: Laboratory and field leaching tests on coastal salt-bearing soils. J. Geotech. Eng. 119(3), 53–470 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ismael, N.F., Mollah, M.A.: Leaching effects on properties of cemented and sands in Kuwait. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 124(10), 997–1004 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jennings, J.E., Knight, K.: A guide to construction on or with materials exhibiting additional settlement due to collapse of grain structure, In: Proceedings of the 6th regional conference for Africa on soil mechanics and foundation engineering, Durban, pp. 99–105 (1975)

  • Mansour, Z.M., Chik, Z., Taha, M.R.: On the procedures of soil collapse potential evaluation. J. Appl. Sci. 8(23), 4434–4439 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sahoo, S., Jha, M.K.: Groundwater-level prediction using multiple linear regression and artificial neural network techniques: a comparative assessment. Hydrogeol. J. 21, 1865–1887 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-013-1029-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schanz, T., Karim, H.H.: Geotechnical characteristics of some Iraqi gypseous soils. MATEC. Web. Conf. 162, 01005 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816201005BCEE3-2017

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the Civil Engineering Department in the University of Technology, Iraq for support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq

    Imad H. Obead

  2. Civil Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

    Mohammed Y. Fattah & Hassan A. Omran

Authors
  1. Imad H. Obead
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohammed Y. Fattah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hassan A. Omran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed equally in this manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammed Y. Fattah.

Ethics declarations

Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

The authors approve all ethics and agree to participate.

Consent for Publication

The authors agree to participate and publish their manuscript.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Obead, I.H., Fattah, M.Y. & Omran, H.A. Role of Soluble Materials on the Hydro-mechanical Properties of Collapsible Gypseous Soil. Transp. Infrastruct. Geotech. 10, 1126–1144 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-022-00257-z

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-022-00257-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation