Abstract
This paper aims to find the possible relationships between winter precipitation (December, January, February; DJF) in Iran with three oceanic sources through the correlation wavelet analysis by applying the continuous wavelet transform (CWT), the cross–wavelet transform (XWT), and the wavelet transform coherence (WTC). The sources in the North Atlantic Ocean (30°W-70°W, 10°N-30°N), the South Pacific Ocean (80°W-120°W, 20°S-40°S) and the Indian Ocean (50°E-100°E, 10°S-40°S) were selected using Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC > 0.5) that can represent the possible relationships between Iran’s winter precipitations with the oceanic sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly. The monthly gridded precipitation and SST data with a 2.5° × 2.5° resolution were evaluated from 1984 to 2019 to achieve this goal. The XWT results of precipitation and SST anomaly showed that the 8–16 months period is the most effective and predominant period between the South Pacific Ocean and 81% of all the precipitation zones. WTC results for the North Atlantic Ocean and 72% of all the precipitation zones showed periods of 4–8 (36%) and 16–32 (36%) months as the dominant duration. Despite the proximity of the Indian Ocean to the precipitation zones, there is no significant causal relationship between them, based on the XWT results. However, due to Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), the 4–8 months period (45%) was seen between the Indian Ocean and some precipitation zones, based on WTC results.
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Acknowledgments
To apply the WTC and XWT methods in this paper, the MATLAB codes used were provided by A. Grinsted (http://noc.ac.uk/using-science/crosswavelet-wavelet-coherence) and C. Torrence and G. P. Compo (http://paos.colorado.edu/research/wavelets/software.html).
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The research is part of the Ph.D. thesis of Atefe Ebrahimi and was supported by the University of Isfahan.
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Mohammad Joghataei contributed to the study’s conception and design. Atefe Ebrahimi performed material preparation, data collection, and analysis. Atefe Ebrahimi and Mohammad Joghataei wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and Dariush Rahimi and Saeed Movahedi commented on the previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Ebrahimi, A., Rahimi, D., Joghataei, M. et al. Correlation Wavelet Analysis for Linkage between Winter Precipitation and Three Oceanic Sources in Iran. Environ. Process. 8, 1027–1045 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-021-00524-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-021-00524-0