Abstract
Phytophthora palmivora is a plant pathogen that affects cacao, papaya and peach palm, which are often intercropped in Bahia, in the Northeast of Brazil. The objectives of this study were to find answers to the following questions: Is there variability in the aggressiveness of pathogen isolates to their respective hosts? Can isolates derived from one host infect another? A total of 150 P. palmivora isolates derived from cacao (85), papaya (36), and peach palm (29) were inoculated on leaf discs of their respective hosts to study pathogenicity. For cacao, two clones were used. Inoculum was applied to leaf discs of cacao, peach palm, and papaya at a concentration of 3 × 105 zoospores/mL, and evaluations were performed, respectively, 7, 5, and 4 days later. Twelve, seven, and five isolates taken from cacao, papaya, and peach palm, respectively, were inoculated on leaf discs of the three hosts to determine cross-pathogenicity. The aggressiveness of the isolates against their respective hosts was variable and all 24 isolates caused lesions on the leaf discs of the three hosts. Isolates from one host were observed to infect others as well. Isolates from cacao, papaya, and peach palm were highly aggressive against their own host, although a few isolates from other hosts were among the most aggressive against these three hosts.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author (FT) on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Executive Commission for Cocoa Cultivation Planning (CEPLAC/CEPEC) for the logistical and financial support, EMBRAPA Forestry, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Foundation for Research Support of the State of Bahia (FAPESB), and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the scholarships of the first and last authors. They would like to express their gratitude to the technicians Cenilda Serra Rocha, Denise Argolo Ferreira, Edarcy Primo Costa, Ana Rosa R. Niella, Virginia Damaceno, and Magnaldo Nascimento and the doctoral students Deisy Janine Gonçalves and Vanusa Rodrigues, for their help in field and laboratory work.
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Conceived and designed the experiments: EDMNL, DMAM, FT, AFS, JLP. Conducted the experiments: FT, GSR, ES, and DMAM. Analyzed the data: FT, CAFM, AFS, DMAM, JLP, and EDMNL. Contributed with analysis materials/tools: EDMNL and JLP. Wrote the article: FT, EDMNL, DMAM, and JLP. All authors whose names appear on the submission, made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work, or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data, approved the version to be published and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
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Tocafundo, F., Rodrigues, G.d., dos Santos, E. et al. Direct and cross-pathogenicity of Phytophthora palmivora against cacao, papaya, and peach palm. Trop. plant pathol. 46, 664–673 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-021-00464-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-021-00464-y