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Process Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Mechanisms of Ionic-Liquid Induced Dephenolation of Petroleum Effluent

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Abstract

This study focuses on the effectiveness of ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide, EMIB) and chemically modified (EMIB impregnated) clay (CMC) as adsorbents for dephenolation of petroleum effluent. Process equilibrium and kinetics (including mechanistic modeling) of the adsorption were investigated. The results showed uptake efficiencies of 91.7 and 85% for CMC and EMIB, respectively, at equilibrium time of 25 min. The linear and non-linear isotherm and kinetic models were best fitted to Langmuir and pseudo-second-order model for both adsorbents. The CMC and EMIB had their monolayer adsorption capacity equal to 3.487 and 0.989 mg/g, respectively. Seven mechanistic models were proposed, with mechanism IV and its corresponding model equation IV (shifting rate order model) emerging as the best fitting to the adsorption data. The thermodynamic studies showed that the process was physical (ΔH < 84 kJ mol−1), spontaneous, and exothermic.

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Abbreviations

A :

Temkpin constant, l/g

C e :

Equilibrium concentration, mg/l

C 0 :

Initial concentration, mg/l

C t :

Concentration at time t, mg/l

∆G :

Free energy change, kJ/mol

∆H :

Enthalpy change, kJ/mol

K 1 :

Pseudo-first-order kinetic constant

K 2 :

Pseudo-second-order kinetic constant

K f :

Freundlich constants, l/g

M :

Total mass of the adsorbent, g

n :

Freundlich constants

Q :

Adsorption capacity, mg/g

q e :

Adsorption capacity at equilibruim, mg/g

q m :

maximum adsorption capacity for a complete monolayer coverage

q t :

Adsorption capacity at time t, mg/g

R :

Universal gas constants, J/mol K

R L :

Dimensional separation factor

∆S :

Entropy change, J/mol K

t :

Time, min

T :

Temperature, K

W :

Weight of adsorbent

ARE :

average relative error

CMC :

chemically modified clay

EABS :

the sum of absolute errors

EMIB :

1-Ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide

HYBRID :

the hybrid error function

GC-MS :

gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

PFO :

pseudo first order

PSO :

pseudo second order

RMSE :

root mean square error

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Water Resources Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA

    M. C. Menkiti

  2. Chemical Engineering Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

    M. C. Menkiti, M. N. Abonyi & C. O. Aniagor

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  1. M. C. Menkiti
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  2. M. N. Abonyi
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Menkiti, M.C., Abonyi, M.N. & Aniagor, C.O. Process Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Mechanisms of Ionic-Liquid Induced Dephenolation of Petroleum Effluent. Water Conserv Sci Eng 3, 205–220 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41101-018-0052-8

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