Skip to main content

Ultrasonic degradation of polymers in solution

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 22))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

8. References

  1. Alexander, P., Fox, M.: The role of free radicals in the degradation of high polymers by ultrasonic and by high-speed stirring. J. Polym. Sci. 12, 533 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Basedow, A. M., Ebert, K. H.: Zum Mechanismus des Abbaus von Polymeren in Lösung durch Ultraschall. Makromol. Chem. 176, 745 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Basedow, A. M.: Untersuchungen über den Abbau von Dextran durch Ultraschall in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln. Thesis, University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Chemistry 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Basedow, A. M., Ebert, K. H., Ederer, H., Hunger, H.: Die Bestimmung der Molekulargewichtsverteilung von Polymeren durch Permeationschromatographie an porösem Glas. Makromol. Chem. 177, 1501 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bergmann, L.: Der Ultraschall. Hirzel Verlag (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  6. De Boer, J. H.: The influence of van der Waals forces and primary bonds on binding energy, strength and orientation. Trans. Far. Soc. 32, 10 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bohn, L.: Schalldruckverlauf und Spektrum bei der Schwingungskavitation. Acustica 7, 201 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Blandamer, M. J.: Introduction to chemical ultrasonics. Academic Press 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bradbury, J. H., O'Shea, J. M.: The effect of ultrasonic irradiation on proteins. Austral. J. Biol. Sci. 26, 583 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bueche, F.: Mechanical degradation of high polymers. J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 4 (10), 101 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Butyagin, P. Y.: Kinetics and nature of mechanochemical reactions. Russ. Chem. Rev. 40 (11), 901 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Chandra, S., Roy-Chowdhury, P., Biswas, A. B.: Ultrasonic degradation of sol rubber in solution. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 8, 2653 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Chandra, S., Roy-Chowdhury, P., Biswas, A. B.: Ultrasonic degradation of macromolecules in solution. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 10, 1089 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Chendke, P. K., Fogler, H. S.: Second-order sonochemical phenomena: extensions of previous work and applications in industrial processing. Chem. Eng. J. 8, 165 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Davison, P. F., Levinthal, C.: Degradation of deoxyribonucleic acid under hydrodynamic shearing forces. J. Mol. Biol. 3, 674 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Davison, P. F., Freifelder, D.: Studies in the sonic degradation of deoxyribonucleic acid, Biophys. J. 2, 235 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Él'Piner: Ultrasound: Physical, Chemical and Biological Effects. Consultants Bureau (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Él'Tsefon, B. S., Berlin, A. A.: Investigations in the mechanochemistry of polymers XIII. Vysokomolekul. Soedin. 4, 1033 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Flügge, S.: Encyclopaedia of Physics 11/2 — 2. Springer Verlag (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Flynn, H. G.: Physics of Acoustic Cavitation in Liquids. In: Physical acoustics Vol. 1-B. Mason, W. (ed.), p. 51. Academic Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Fujiwara, H., Okazaki, K., Goto, K.: Mechanochemical reaction of polymers by ultrasonic irradiation I. J. Polym. Sci. 13, 953 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Glynn, P. A., Van der Hoff, B. M., Reilly, P. M.: A general model for prediction of molecular weight distributions of degraded polymers. J. Macromol. Sci. A6 (8) 1653 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Glynn, P. A., Van der Hoff, B. M.: Degradation of polystyrene in solution by ultrasonation. A molecular weight distribution study. J. Macromol. Sci. A7 (8), 1695 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Glynn, P. A., Van der Hoff, B. M.: The rate of degradation by ultrasonation of polystyrene in solution. J. Macromol. Sci. A8 (2), 429 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Gooberman, G.: Ultrasonics: Theory and application. Hart Publishing Co. 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Gooberman, G.: Ultrasonic degradation of polystyrene. Part 1. J. Polym. Sci. 42, 25 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Gooberman, G., Lamb, J.: Ultrasonic degradation of polystyrene. Part 2. J. Polym. Sci. 42, 35 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  28. Gooberman, G.: Ultrasonic degradation of polystyrene. Part 3. J. Polym. Sci. 47, 229 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Gueth, W.: Zur Entstehung der Stoßwellen bei der Kavitation. Acustica 6, 526 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Gueth, W., Mundry, E.: Kinematographische Untersuchungen der Schwingungskavitation. Acustica 7, 241 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Harrington, R. E., Zimm, B. H.: Degradation of polymers by controlled hydrodynamic shear. J. Phys. Chem. 69 (1), 161 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Harrington, R. E.: Degradation of polymers in high speed rotary homogenizers. J. Polym. Sci. 4, 489 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Henglein, A.: Die Auslösung und der Verlauf der Polymerisation des Acrylamids unter dem Einfluß von Ultraschallwellen. Makromol. Chem. 14, 15 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  34. Henglein, A.: Die Reaktion des DPPH mit langkettigen freien Radikalen. Makromol. Chem. 15, 188 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Henglein, A.: Die Kombination von freien makromolekularen Radikalen, die durch Ultraschallabbau von Polymethacrylsäuremethylester und von Polystyrol gebildet werden. Makromol. Chem. 18, 37 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Heymach, G. J., Jost, D. E.: The alteration of molecular weight distributions of polymers by ultrasonic energy. J. Polym. Sci. C25, 145 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Hughes, D. E., Nyborg, W. L.: Cell disruption by ultrasound. Science 138, 108 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Jellinek, H. H., White, G.: The degradation of long-chain molecules by ultrasonic waves. 1. J. Polym. Sci. 4 (6), 745 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  39. Jellinek, H. H., White, G.: The degradation of long-chain molecules by ultrasonic waves. 2. J. Polym. Sci. 6 (6), 757 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  40. Jellinek, H. H., White, G.: The degradation of long-chain molecules by ultrasonic waves. 3. J. Polym. Sci. 7 (1), 21 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Jellinek, H. H., White, G.: The degradation of long-chain molecules by ultrasonic waves. 4. J. Polym. Sci. 7 (1), 33 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Jellinek, H. H., Brett, H. W.: Degradation of long-chain molecules by ultrasonic waves. 5. J. Polym. Sci. 13, 111 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  43. Jellinek, H. H., Brett, H. W.: Degradation of long-chain molecules by ultrasonic waves. 6. J. Polym. Sci. 21, 535 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  44. Jellinek, H. H.: Degradation of long-chain molecules by ultrasonic waves. 7. J. Polym. Sci. 22, 149 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  45. Jellinek, H. H.: Degradation of long-chain molecules by ultrasonic waves. 8. J. Polym. Sci. 37, 485 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Johnson, W. R., Price, C. C.: Shear degradation of vinyl polymers in dilute solution by high-speed stirring. J. Polym. Sci. 45, 217 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Lippincott, E. R., Schroeder, R.: General relation between potential energy and internuclear distance for diatomic and polyatomic molecules. J. Chem. Phys. 23 (6), 1131 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  48. Marique, L. A., Houghton, G.: Analog computer solution of the modified Rayleigh equation and parameters affecting cavitation. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 122 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Mark, H.: Some applications of ultrasonics in high-polymer research. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 16 (3), 183 (1945).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Mason, W.: Physical Acoustics Vol. II-A, B. Academic Press 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Mellen, R. H.: An experimental study of the collapse of a spherical cavity in water. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 28 (3), 447 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  52. Melville, H. W., Murray, A. J.: The ultrasonic degradation of polymers. Trans. Far. Soc. 46, 996 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  53. Minnaert, M.: On musical air-bubbles and the sound of running water. Phil. Magaz. 16 (7), 235 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  54. Mostafa, M. A.: Degradation of addition polymers by ultrasonic waves. 1. J. Polym. Sci. 22, 535 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  55. Mostafa, M. A.: The degradation of addition polymers by ultrasonic waves. 2. J. Polym. Sci. 27, 473 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  56. Mostafa, M. A.: Degradation of addition polymers by ultrasonic waves. 3. J. Polym. Sci. 28, 499 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  57. Mostafa, M. A.: Degradation of addition polymers by ultrasonic waves. 4. J. Polym. Sci. 28, 519 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  58. Mostafa, M. A.: Degradation of addition polymers by ultrasonic waves. 5. J. Polym. Sci. 33, 295 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  59. Mostafa, M. A.: Degradation of addition polymers by ultrasonic waves. 6. J. Polym. Sci. 33, 311 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  60. Mostafa, M. A.: A Mechanism of degradation of long-chain molecules by ultrasonic waves. J. Polym. Sci. 33, 323 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  61. Nakano, A., Minoura, Y., Kasuya, T., Kawamura, S.: Degradation of poly(ethylene oxide) by high-speed stirring. J. Polym. Sci. 5, 125 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  62. Nakano, A., Minoura, Y.: Degradation of polymers by high-speed stirring. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 15, 927 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  63. Nakano, A., Minoura, Y.: Effect of solvents on the degradation of polymers by high-speed stirring. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 16, 627 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  64. Noltingk, B. E.: The effects of Intense Ultrasonics in Liquids. In: Encyclopaedia of physics. Flügge, S. (ed.), p. 259. Springer-Verlag 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Noltingk, B. E., Neppiras, E. A.: Cavitation produced by ultrasonics. Proc. Phys. Soc. B63, 674 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  66. Noltingk, B. E., Neppiras, E. A.: Cavitation produced by ultrasonics: theoretical conditions for the onset of cavitation. Proc. Phys. Soc. B64 (12), 1032 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  67. Nosov, V.: Ultrasonics in the chemical Industry. Consultants Bureau (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  68. Okuyama, M., Sata, N.: Der Ultraschallabbau langkettiger Moleküle. 1. Z. Elektrochem. 58 (3), 197 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  69. Okuyama, M.: Der Ultraschallabbau langkettiger Moleküle und der Mechanismus der Kavitation. 2. Z. Elektrochem. 59 (6), 565 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  70. Okuyama, M., Hirose, T.: Mechanics of ultrasonic degradation of linear high polymer and ultrasonic cavitation. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 7, 591 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  71. Okuyama, M., Hirose, T.: Physico-chemical approach to ultrasonic cavitation. Kolloid Zeitsch. 226 (1), 70 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  72. Ovenall, D. W., Hastings, G. W.: The degradation of polymer molecules in solution under the influence of ultrasonic waves. 1. J. Polym. Sci. 33, 207 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  73. Ovenall, D. W., Allen, P. E., Burnett, G. M., Hastings, G. W., Melville, H. W.: The degradation of polymer molecules in solution under the influence of ultrasonic waves. 2. J. Polym. Sci. 33, 213 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  74. Ovenall, D. W.: Ultrasonic degradation of polymer molecules in solution: some comments on recent papers. J. Polym. Sci. 42, 455 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  75. Porter, R. S., Cantow, M. J. Johnson, J. F.: Sonic degradation of polyisobutylene in solution. J. Appl. Phys. 35 (1), 15 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  76. Porter, R. S., Cantow, M. J. Johnson, J. E.: Polymer degradation. 5. Changes in molecular weight distribution during sonic irradiation of polyisobutene. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 11, 335 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  77. Porter, R. S., Casale, A.: The mechanochemistry of high polymers. Rubber Chem. Techn. 1971, 534.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Pritchard, N. J., Hughes, D. E., Peacocke, A. R.: The ultrasonic degradation of biological macromolecules under condition of stable caviation. 1. Biopolymers 4, 259 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  79. Pritchard, N. J., Peacocke, A. R.: The ultrasonic degradation of biological macromolecules under condition of stable cavitation. 2. Biopolymers 6, 605 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  80. Rayleigh, L.: On the pressure developed in a liquid during the collapse of a spherical cavity. Phil. Magaz. 34, 94 (1917).

    Google Scholar 

  81. Richards, O. C., Boyer, P. D.: Chemical mechanism of sonic, acid, alkaline and enzymic degradation of DNA. J. Mol. Biol. 2, 327 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  82. Schmid, J.: Kinematographische Untersuchungen der Einzelblasen-Kavitation. Acustica 9, 321 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  83. Schmid, G., Rommel, O.: Zerreißen von Makromolekülen mit Ultraschall. Z. Physikal. Chem. 185 (2), 97 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  84. Schmid, G.: Zur Kinetik der Ultraschalldepolymerisation. Z. Physikal. Chem. 186 (3), 113 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  85. Schmid, G., Rommel, O.: Zerreißen von Makromolekülen mit Ultraschall. Z. Elektrochem. 45 (9), 659 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  86. Schmid, G.: Zerreiben von Molekülen. Versuch einer Erklärung der depolymerisierenden Wirkung von Ultraschallwellen. Phys. Z. 41, 326 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  87. Schmid, G., Beuttenmüller, E.: Ultraschallbeitrag zur Frage der Biegsamkeit der Makromoleküle. Z. Elektrochem. 49 (4–5), 325 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  88. Schmid, G., Beuttenmüller, E.: Der Einfluß der Temperatur auf den Abbau von linearen Makromolekülen mit Ultraschall. Z. Elektrochem. 50 (9–10), 209 (1944).

    Google Scholar 

  89. Schmid, G., Poppe, W.: Die Frequenzunabhängigkeit des Ultraschallabbaus von Makromolekülen. Z. Elektrochem. 53 (1), 28 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  90. Schmid, G., Paret, G., Pfleiderer, H.: Die mechanische Natur des Abbaus von Makromolekülen mit Ultraschall. Kolloid-Z. 124 (3), 150 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  91. Schmid, G., Schneider, C., Henglein, A.: Die Veränderung der Polymer-Einheitlichkeit beim Ultraschall-Abbau von Polymethacrylsäuremethylester. Kolloid-Z. 148 (1–2), 73 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  92. Schoon, T. G., Kretschmer, R.: Versuch einer Deutung bei der elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchung von festen Polymeren. Kolloid-Z. 211 (1–2), 53 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  93. Schoon, T. G., Rieber, G.: Theorie des Ultraschall-Abbaus von Polymeren in Lösung auf der Grundlage des Perlschnurmolekül-Modells. Angew. Makromol. Chem. 15 (226), 263 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  94. Schoon, T. G., Rieber, G.: Ultraschallabbau und Mikromorphologie amorpher Hochpolymeren. Angew. Makromol. Chem. 23 (307), 43 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  95. Schoon, T. G., Rieber, G.: Theorie des Ultraschallabbaus auf der Grundlage des Perlschnurmolekül-Modells. Angew. Makromol. Chem. 49 (704), 23 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  96. Shaw, M. T., Rodriguez, F.: Ultrasonic degradation of polysiloxane solutions. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 11, 991 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  97. Smith, W. B., Temple, H. W.: Polymer studies by gel permeation chromatography. 4. The degradation of polystyrene by ultrasonics and by benzoyl peroxide. J. Phys. Chem. 72 (13), 4613 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  98. Stuart, H.: Molekülstruktur. Springer-Verlag 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Stuart, H.: Die Physik der Hochpolymeren. Vol. 1. Springer-Verlag 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Suppanz, N.: Über Kinetik und Mechanismus des Abbaus von Polymeren in Lösung mit Ultraschall, Thesis, University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Chemistry 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Thomas, B. B., Alexander, W. J.: Ultrasonic degradation of cellulose nitrate. 1. J. Polym. Sci. 15, 361 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  102. Thomas, B. B., Alexander, W. J.: Ultrasonic degradation of cellulose nitrate. 2. J. Polym. Sci. 25, 285 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  103. Thomas, J. R.: Sonic degradation of high polymers in solution. J. Phys. Chem. 63, 1725 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  104. Thomas, J. R., De Vries, L.: Sonically induced heterolytic cleavage of polymethylsiloxane J. Phys. Chem. 63, 254 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  105. Weissler, A.: Depolymerization by ultrasonic irradiation: the role of cavitation. J. Appl. Phys. 21, 171 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  106. Weissler, A.: Cavitation in ultrasonic depolymerization. J. Appl. Phys. 23, 370 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  107. Wilke, G., Altenburg, K.: Ultraschallabbau von Hochpolymeren. Plaste und Kautschuk 3 (10), 219 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  108. Wilke, G., Altenburg, K.: Ultraschallabbau von Hochpolymeren. Plaste und Kautschuk 3 (11), 257 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1977 Springer-Verlag

About this paper

Cite this paper

Basedow, A.M., Ebert, K.H. (1977). Ultrasonic degradation of polymers in solution. In: Physical Chemistry. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 22. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-07942-4_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-07942-4_6

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-07942-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-38035-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics