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2009 | Buch

Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations

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The aim of this book is to present hyperbolic partial di?erential equations at an elementary level. In fact, the required mathematical background is only a third year university course on di?erential calculus for functions of several variables. No functional analysis knowledge is needed, nor any distribution theory (with the exception of shock waves mentioned below). k All solutions appearing in the text are piecewise classical C solutions. Beyond the simpli?cations it allows, there are several reasons for this choice: First, we believe that all main features of hyperbolic partial d- ferential equations (PDE) (well-posedness of the Cauchy problem, ?nite speed of propagation, domains of determination, energy inequalities, etc. ) canbedisplayedinthiscontext. Wehopethatthisbookitselfwillproveour belief. Second,allproperties,solutionformulas,andinequalitiesestablished here in the context of smooth functions can be readily extended to more general situations (solutions in Sobolev spaces or temperate distributions, etc. ) by simple standard procedures of functional analysis or distribution theory, which are “external” to the theory of hyperbolic equations: The deep mathematical content of the theorems is already to be found in the statements and proofs of this book. The last reason is this: We do hope that many readers of this book will eventually do research in the ?eld that seems to us the natural continuation of the subject: nonlinear hyp- bolic systems (compressible ?uids, general relativity theory, etc. ).

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Vector Fields and Integral Curves
Throughout the book we will use the notation \({\rm R}_x^n\) to denote the space R n with variable x similarly, \({\rm R}_{x,t}^2\) will denote the plane with coordinates (x,t), and so on.
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Chapter 2. Operators and Systems in the Plane
We will work in the plane R2 with coordinates (x, t). Definition 2.1. A differential operator P of order m ∈ N is defined by
$$(Pu)(x,t) = \Sigma _{k + l \leq m} a_{kl} (x,t)\partial _x^k \partial _t^l u(x,t).$$
Here, the coefficients a kl are C , given functions (to simplify).
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Chapter 3. Nonlinear First Order Equations
We consider in \({\rm R}_x^n \) the Cauchy problem with data u 0 given on the initial surface Σ0 = { x n = 0 } for the quasilinear scalar equation The coefficients a = (a 1,…,a n ) and b are given real C functions on \({\rm R}_x^n \times {\rm R}_t \),and u 0 : R n−1 → R is a given C 1 function. We look for a C 1 real solution.
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Chapter 4. Conservation Laws in One-Space Dimension
Definition 4.1. Conservation laws in the plane \(R_{x,t}^2\) are special nonlinear systems in divergence form Here, (x, t) ∈ R2 are the coordinates in the plane, u : R2 ⊃ Ω →R N is an unknown vector function, and F : R N →R N is a C given function.
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Chapter 5. The Wave Equation
In this chapter, we review quickly the main properties of the solutions of the wave equation in \({\rm R}_x^n \times {\rm R}_t \), concentrating on the cases n = 2 and n = 3. Since we promised not to use distribution theory, we will make no attempt to prove the solution formulas in the most general context. It is understood that the functions we manipulate are supposed to allow the formula to be defined in the classical sense.
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Chapter 6. Energy Inequalities for the Wave Equation
We explain in this chapter what energy inequalities for the wave equation are, and how to obtain them, starting from the simplest cases.
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Chapter 7. Variable Coefficient Wave Equations and Systems
Consider, in \({\rm R}_x^n \times {\rm R}_t \), a second order partial differential operator of the form where all coefficients are real and C , and L 1 is a first order operator. We would like L to be an operator similar to the wave operator, and to enjoy the same properties: Finite speed of propagation, energy inequalities, etc. We saw in Chapter 2 that, for an operator in the plane, it is natural to require that its principal part should be the principal part of a product a real vector fields. Here, suppose first that L is homogeneous (that is, L 1 ≡ 0) with constant coefficients.
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Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations
verfasst von
Serge Alinhac
Copyright-Jahr
2009
Verlag
Springer New York
Electronic ISBN
978-0-387-87823-2
Print ISBN
978-0-387-87822-5
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-87823-2