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2011 | Buch

Kinetic Energy Harvesting Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Energy Harvesting Systems

Principles, Modeling and Applications

herausgegeben von: Tom J. Kaźmierski, Steve Beeby

Verlag: Springer New York

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

Kinetic energy harvesting converts movement or vibrations into electrical energy, enables battery free operation of wireless sensors and autonomous devices and facilitates their placement in locations where replacing a battery is not feasible or attractive. This book provides an introduction to operating principles and design methods of modern kinetic energy harvesting systems and explains the implications of harvested power on autonomous electronic systems design. It describes power conditioning circuits that maximize available energy and electronic systems design strategies that minimize power consumption and enable operation. The principles discussed in the book will be supported by real case studies such as battery-less monitoring sensors at water waste processing plants, embedded battery-less sensors in automotive electronics and sensor-networks built with ultra-low power wireless nodes suitable for battery-less applications.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Kinetic Energy Harvesting
Abstract
This chapter introduces principles of normal kinetic energy harvesting and adaptive kinetic energy harvesting. Kinetic energy harvesters, also known as vibration power generators, are typically, although not exclusively, inertial springmass systems. Electrical power is extracted by employing one or a combination of different transduction mechanisms. Main transduction mechanisms are piezoelectric, electromagnetic and electrostatic. As most vibration power generators are resonant systems, they generate maximum power when the resonant frequency of the generator matches ambient vibration frequency. Any difference between these two frequencies can result in a significant decrease in generated power. Recent development in adaptive kinetic energy harvesting increases the operating frequency range of such generators. Possible solutions include tuning resonant frequency of the generator and widening the bandwidth of the generator. In this chapter, principles and operating strategies for adaptive kinetic energy harvesters will be presented and compared.
Dibin Zhu, Steve Beeby
Chapter 2. Modelling, Performance Optimisation and Automated Design of Mixed-Technology Energy Harvester Systems
Abstract
This chapter presents an automated energy harvester design flow which is based on a single HDL software platform that can be used to model, simulate, configure and optimise the complete mixed physical-domain energy harvester system (micro-generator, voltage booster, storage element and load). We developed an accurate HDL model for the energy harvester and demonstrated its accuracy by validating it experimentally and comparing it with recently reported models. A demonstrator prototype incorporating an electromagnetic mechanical-vibration-based micro-generator and a limited number of library models has been developed and a design case study has been carried out. Experimental measurements have validated the simulation results which show that the outcome from the design flow can improve the energy harvesting efficiency by 75%.
Tom J. Kázmierski, Leran Wang
Chapter 3. Simulation of Ultra-Low Power Sensor Networks
Abstract
This chapter gives an introduction into the importance of power analysis and power harvesting in wireless sensor networks. It additionally gives an overview over simulation techniques for this topic and an overview of related tools and methodologies, but mainly focusing on SystemC and SystemC AMS and extension libraries.
Jan Haase, Joseph Wenninger, Christoph Grimm, Jiong Ou
Chapter 4. Remote Sensing of Car Tire Pressure
Abstract
State-of-the-art tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS) are wirelesssensor nodes mounted on the rim. Attaching the node on the inner liner of a tireallows sensing of important additional technical parameters, which may be used forimproved tracking and engine control, feedback to the power train and car-to-carcommunication purposes. Thus a significant step in car control appears feasible.Those new features come at a price: the maximum weight of the sensor is limited to5 g including package, power supply, and antenna. Robustness is required againstextreme levels of acceleration of up to 3,000 g (g = 9.81m/s2). The node size islimited to about 1 cm3 to avoid high force gradients due to device deformation andfinally, a 10-year power supply lifetime must be achieved. In this chapter we presenta self-sufficient tire-mounted wireless sensor node.
  • • with a bulk acoustic wave (BAW)-based low-power FSK transceiver;
  • • pioneered for an energy scavenger-based low-volume and low-weight powersupply; and
  • • a 3D vertical chip stack for best compactness, lowest volume, and highest robustnessfor pressure, inertia, and temperature sensing.
Thomas Herndl
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Energy Harvesting Systems
herausgegeben von
Tom J. Kaźmierski
Steve Beeby
Copyright-Jahr
2011
Verlag
Springer New York
Electronic ISBN
978-1-4419-7566-9
Print ISBN
978-1-4419-7565-2
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7566-9

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