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1998 | Buch

Principles of Abrasive Water Jet Machining

verfasst von: Dr. Andreas W. Momber, Radovan Kovacevic

Verlag: Springer London

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Über dieses Buch

Abrasive water jet machining was introduced to manufacturing ten years ago and has been increasingly used for treating hard-to-machine and multi-layered materials and as an alternative tool for milling, turning, drilling and polishing. This is the first comprehensive review of the technique, dealing with a broad range of issues including mixing and acceleration processes, material removal mechanisms, process optimization and fluid mechanics. Explanations are given as the book follows the development of an abrasive water jet machining process, from tool generation through to machining results, supervision and control. This methodical journey through the field is marked by drawings, graphs and tables, many of which are being published here for the first time. Though the book is written at an academic level, it focuses very much on practical applications, which reflects the authors' extensive involvement with both laboratory research and industrial practices.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
1. Introduction
Abstract
The term ‘high-speed water jet’ includes several modifications of jets. Momber [1] subdivides high-speed water jets as shown in Figure 1.1.
Andreas W. Momber, Radovan Kovacevic
2. Classification and Characterization of Abrasive Materials
Abstract
A large number of different types of abrasive materials are used in the abrasive water-jet technique. A survey in 1995 [26] shows that most of the abrasive water-jet shops use garnet (90%), followed by olivine (15%), slag (15%), aluminum-oxide (11%), and silica-sand (11%). Martinec [27] distinguishes between two major groups of abrasive materials: oxides and silicates. Table 2.1 lists subgroups of both of these types.
Andreas W. Momber, Radovan Kovacevic
3. Generation of Abrasive Water Jets
Abstract
The acceleration of a certain volume of pressurized water in an orifice generates high-speed water jets. In this case, Bernoulli’s law gives
$$ {{p}_{{at}}} + \frac{{{{\rho }_{w}}}}{2} \cdot v_{0}^{2} + {{\rho }_{w}} \cdot g \cdot {{h}_{1}} = p + \frac{{{{\rho }_{w}}}}{2} \cdot v_{{Pipe}}^{2} \cdot {{\rho }_{w}} \cdot g \cdot {{h}_{2}}. $$
(3.1)
.
Andreas W. Momber, Radovan Kovacevic
4. Structure and Hydrodynamics of Abrasive Water Jets
Abstract
The structure of abrasive water jets is evaluated in terms of several features:
  • water volume or mass distributions,
  • solid particle volume or mass distributions,
  • air volume or mass distributions,
  • velocity distributions,
  • degree of turbulence.
Andreas W. Momber, Radovan Kovacevic
5. Material-Removal Mechanisms in Abrasive Water-Jet Machining
Abstract
The impact of single solid-particles is the basic event in the material removal by abrasive water jets. Therefore, a compressed review on the material erosion by solid-particle is given in this paragraph.
Andreas W. Momber, Radovan Kovacevic
6. Modeling of Abrasive Water-Jet Cutting Processes
Abstract
Over the years, several models are developed to describe the abrasive water-jet cutting process. Generally, these models are attempts to estimate the depth of cut achievable in different materials cut by abrasive water jets under certain process conditions. The reader will find other models, such as for material-removal processes and for abrasive water jet turning, milling, and drilling, in chapter 9. Chapter 8 separately discusses models for geometry and quality aspects, such as cut geometry and surface topography.
Andreas W. Momber, Radovan Kovacevic
7. Process-Parameter Optimization
Abstract
The abrasive water jet-cutting process is characterized by a large number of process parameters that determine efficiency, economy, and quality of the whole process. Therefore, optimization of the process is a primary requirement for a successful application.
Andreas W. Momber, Radovan Kovacevic
8. Geometry, Topography and Integrity of Abrasive Water-Jet Machined Parts
Abstract
Figure 8.1 defines the parameters that characterize the geometry of a cut generated by abrasive water-jet cutting. These parameters are [180, 185]:
  • top width of the cut (bT)
  • bottom width of the cut (bB)
  • taper of the cut (TR)
  • flank angle (φF)
  • initial-damage width (bIDZ)
  • initial-damage depth (hIDZ)
Andreas W. Momber, Radovan Kovacevic
9. Alternative Machining Operations with Abrasive Water Jets
Abstract
The versatility of the abrasive water jet in cutting almost any engineering material is a very special feature of this technology. Figure 9.1 shows an example for the machining capability of the abrasive water-jet technique. This figure illustrates several steps of manufacturing a certain complex shape in a hard-to-machine material. Besides cutting, as described in the previous chapters, the manufacturing process includes the following operations:
  • milling
  • turning
  • piercing
  • finishing
Andreas W. Momber, Radovan Kovacevic
10. Control and Supervision of Abrasive Water-Jet Machining Processes
Abstract
As in any other machining method, control and supervision of the abrasive water-jet machining improves both the efficiency and quality of the process. Figure 10.1 shows a block diagram of a possible new generation of an abrasive water-jet machining system.
Andreas W. Momber, Radovan Kovacevic
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Principles of Abrasive Water Jet Machining
verfasst von
Dr. Andreas W. Momber
Radovan Kovacevic
Copyright-Jahr
1998
Verlag
Springer London
Electronic ISBN
978-1-4471-1572-4
Print ISBN
978-1-4471-1574-8
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1572-4