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1992 | Buch

Superfine Particle Technology

verfasst von: Noboru Ichinose, PhD, Yoshiharu Ozaki, Seiichirō Kashū

Verlag: Springer London

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Über dieses Buch

If a substance is repeatedly subdivided, the result is what are known as "microscopic particles". These particles are distinguished from the solid mass which they originally formed by the size of the surface area per unit weight. This simple difference holds true down to a certain lower size limit, and when this limit is exceeded, a new state of matter is reached, in which the behavior of the particles is quite different to that of the original solid. Particles in this state are termed "superfine particles", and are distinct from ordinary particles. The size of the superfine particles, that is to say the size limit below which particle behavior is completely different from the behavior of the original solid, varies a good deal depending on the physical properties of the substance in question. Properties such as magnetism and electrical resistance are closely related to the internal structural properties of the particles themselves, such as the magnetization processes of their respective magnetic domains, and the mean free path of charged bodies. This internal structure therefore limits the size of the superfine particles. In ceramic processing, on the other hand, the surface area of the particles themselves becomes an even more important factor than their internal structure. In this case, the size of the superfine particles is determined by the interaction between water and solvents on the surface of the particles.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Fundamentals of Superfine Particles
Abstract
Fine particles with a diameter of anything from 1 to 100 nm are commonly known as superfine particles. Superfine particles may, however, constitute a completely new form of matter which exhibits patterns of behavior quite different from those of the substance’s corresponding solid form.
Noboru Ichinose, Yoshiharu Ozaki, Seiichirō Kashū
Chapter 2. Physics of Superfine Particles
Abstract
Japan leads the world in research on the physics of superfine particles and has made many scientific and technical discoveries in this field. In recent years, there has been a growing demand, particularly in the industrial world, for the development of new materials. This demand has focused on superfine particles, spurring on the practical application of current knowledge about their properties.
Noboru Ichinose, Yoshiharu Ozaki, Seiichirō Kashū
Chapter 3. Chemistry of Superfine Particles
Abstract
How should we define the chemical properties of superfine particles? Chemistry could be described as the science of the “transformation of matter”. A transformation is deemed to have occurred when a comparison is made between two states in which a certain type of matter exists, and a clear difference is found between them. Superfine particles undergo major transformation in their state of existence due to their interaction with the surrounding environment. These changes are most striking when the surrounding environment is a liquid.
Noboru Ichinose, Yoshiharu Ozaki, Seiichirō Kashū
Chapter 4. Physical Manufacturing Processes
Abstract
Physical methods of producing superfine particles from a range of different materials from metals and ceramics through to organic compounds are currently being devised with a view to the potential applications of the final product.
Noboru Ichinose, Yoshiharu Ozaki, Seiichirō Kashū
Chapter 5. Chemical Manufacturing Processes
Abstract
The development of the microcomputer has had an enormous impact on both society as a whole and on industry in particular. Its influence has been felt in the field of materials technology, in that the range of material functions has been considerably increased and as a direct result the use of these materials has also inevitably increased. For this reason the reliability of materials has become a matter of some considerable concern. The principal characteristics of a material depend not so much on its physical as on its chemical properties. We have so far, however, concentrated almost exclusively on the physical properties of materials insofar as they have a direct connection with production methods and have made little mention of their chemical properties or of the relative advantages and disadvantages of the various different production methods from the point of view of chemical composition. It has, however, become abundantly clear that our objective of high material reliability depends in large measure on chemical properties such as the chemical composition of particles, the compositional changes which take place either within particles or at particle level and the secondary phase physical forms of particles. In this chapter we have focused our attention on those methods of producing fine particles which make use of chemical reactions at the various stages of the production process and also on the chemical composition and structure of particles generated by these various methods.
Noboru Ichinose, Yoshiharu Ozaki, Seiichirō Kashū
Chapter 6. Applications of Superfine Particles
Abstract
As more is discovered about the properties of superfine particles, their potential industrial applications look increasingly promising. Applications such as sensors and magnetic tape, however, are still in their infancy. There is a good deal of potential for applications in the field of materials, especially sintered materials: in this area, materials made from superfine particles outperform the others, and their economic properties make them extremely useful. At present, however, these applications are still at the basic research stage.
Noboru Ichinose, Yoshiharu Ozaki, Seiichirō Kashū
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Superfine Particle Technology
verfasst von
Noboru Ichinose, PhD
Yoshiharu Ozaki
Seiichirō Kashū
Copyright-Jahr
1992
Verlag
Springer London
Electronic ISBN
978-1-4471-1808-4
Print ISBN
978-1-4471-1810-7
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1808-4