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1999 | Buch | 3. Auflage

Conceptual Design for Engineers

verfasst von: Michael J. French, MA, MSc, FlMechE

Verlag: Springer London

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Über dieses Buch

Why reissue a book on engineering design first written nearly thirty years ago? It was well ahead of its time in 1971, and although much of its approach is now commonplace, plenty still remains to be adopted. But above all, where other books have a few pages on the key problems of design, which are how to produce good ideas and how to develop and improve them, this book has chapters. Engineering science is central to most design, but it figures hardly at all in other texts, even though it is the principal study of engineering students. In this book it assumes its proper place, figuring extensively in the examples. Progress in design comes usually, not from brainstorming and the like, but from the development of insight, often rooted in science. This book gives examples of insight and how to develop it. In design, there are recurrent forms of problem, such as disposition and match­ ing, treated here and not elsewhere. Frequently, insight can come and advances can be made by recognising and working on on these recurrent forms. Sometimes design can be reduced to a systematic process, where one idea fol­ lows logically from another, as this book shows. Sometimes, too, a breakthrough can come from finding a way to invalidate a step in a logical chain and so provide a starting point for a new design.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
1. Introduction
Abstract
In this book ‘design’ is taken to mean all the process of conception, invention, visualisation, calculation, marshalling, refinement, and specifying of details which determines the form of an engineering product.
Michael J. French
2. Combinative ideas
Abstract
A design problem might be tackled on the following lines: take all the possible elements that might enter into a solution, combine them in all possible ways, and then select the best combination.
Michael J. French
3. Optimisation
Abstract
In the last chapter we considered the problem of how to select the best arrangement or combination of means for performing a given function. The variations under consideration were of kind, not of degree. But even when all decisions of kind have been made, so that all the qualitative aspects are settled, there remains the easier problem of fixing all the quantities involved. The solution of this problem we shall call ‘optimisation’.
Michael J. French
4. Insight
Abstract
Perhaps the most important single prerequisite for good solutions to design problems is insight (see Section 1.4). From numerous instances [2] it may be inferred that insight frequently develops by large steps—it ‘dawns’ or ‘comes in a flash’—but the steps are separated by laborious stretches of mental spadework.
Michael J. French
5. Matching
Abstract
As in many other fields of human enterprise, it is helpful when we come upon an aspect of a design problem that has strong affinities with others we have met. Two such aspects, called here ‘matching’ and ‘disposition’, will be treated in this chapter and the next.
Michael J. French
6. Disposition
Abstract
A problem of disposition exists where a limited quantity of some commodity, usually space, has to be shared out to the best advantage between a number of functions. Cases which meet this strict definition are not very common, but cases exhibiting similar features abound, so that the approaches discussed in this chapter are of very wide application.
Michael J. French
7. Kinematic and elastic design
Abstract
While it is not the purpose of this book to discuss special items in the engineering repertoire, the complementary ideas of kinematic and elastic design are so important as to warrant an exception.
Michael J. French
8. Costs
Abstract
There is a great deal of truth in the aphorism, ‘An engineer is a man who can do for one dollar what any fool can do for two’, and no designer should be ashamed that the reduction of cost is the chief test of his skill. However, the cost in question must be the true or total costs for the same benefit, not just the purchase price, and must include running costs, maintenance, the costs of unreliability and soon. The means of making such costs commensurate are not part of design, but one important aspect has been covered in Section 3.2. The benefit is also difficult to assess in some cases, particularly in consumer goods, where it is hard to judge such things as the money value to the customer of a sunshine roof in a car.
Michael J. French
9. Various principles and approaches
Abstract
This chapter collects together various helpful ideas. They are of fairly general application but too vague to merit the title ‘methods’, and they are not dealt with at length.
Michael J. French
10. Conclusion
Abstract
The preceding chapters have dealt with various methods and approaches that may be helpful in conceptual design problems. Some of these, like the combinative studies of Chapter 2, are of general application. Others, like the identification and treatment of generic types of problems such as matching (Chapter 5) and disposition (Chapter 6), are only of use in special cases; nevertheless, as the list of topics in Chapter 5 will show, the special cases are so frequent that the approach is of great value. The insight-developing techniques of Chapter 4 are strongly recommended, and the writer believes that the investment of time in such exercises will be amply repaid in better designs more expeditiously arrived at. The advantages of rough calculation of orders of magnitude and ‘quick sums’ in particular cannot be over-emphasised; the optimisations dealt with in Chapter 3 are of this sketchy sort. The space available would not allow of fuller treatments, but in any case these simpler exercises yield perhaps nine-tenths of the possible benefits at a few per cent of the cost. Of course, the heavy calculations that fetch in the remaining tenth are still very worthwhile whenever the sums of money to be spent are large.
Michael J. French
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Conceptual Design for Engineers
verfasst von
Michael J. French, MA, MSc, FlMechE
Copyright-Jahr
1999
Verlag
Springer London
Electronic ISBN
978-1-4471-3627-9
Print ISBN
978-1-84996-853-9
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3627-9