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2013 | Buch

What is RSVP? And Why do I Need it? Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Rapid Serial Visual Presentation

Design for Cognition

verfasst von: Robert Spence, Mark Witkowski

Verlag: Springer London

Buchreihe : SpringerBriefs in Computer Science

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

A powerful new image presentation technique has evolved over the last twenty years, and its value demonstrated through its support of many and varied common tasks. Conceptually, Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) is basically simple, exemplified in the physical world by the rapid riffling of the pages of a book in order to locate a known image.

Advances in computation and graphics processing allow RSVP to be applied flexibly and effectively to a huge variety of common tasks such as window shopping, video fast-forward and rewind, TV channel selection and product browsing. At its heart is a remarkable feature of the human visual processing system known as pre-attentive processing, one which supports the recognition of a known image within as little as one hundred milliseconds and without conscious cognitive effort.

Knowledge of pre-attentive processing, together with extensive empirical evidence concerning RSVP, has allowed the authors to provide useful guidance to interaction designers wishing to explore the relevance of RSVP to an application, guidance which is supported by a variety of illustrative examples.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. What is RSVP? And Why do I Need it?
Abstract
The topic of Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) is introduced using a very familiar example, that of rapidly riffling the pages of a book in order to locate a needed image. Advances in computation and graphical processing now enable the benefit of RSVP to be exploited in a wide variety of common tasks. The fifteen illustrative examples provided in this chapter include window-shopping, video fast forward and rewind, searching on a mobile device and searching for information under pressure.
Robert Spence, Mark Witkowski
Chapter 2. Experimental Evidence
Abstract
Certain features of the human visual processing system influence the success with which the technique of RSVP can be applied. First and foremost is the phenomenon of pre-attentive processing, supporting the recognition of a target image within about 100 ms and without conscious cognitive effort. But other factors, if ignored, can detract from the benefits of RSVP. They include change blindness and saccadic blindness. Other features of the human cognitive system that must be taken into account in any design involving RSVP include user memory and the concept of salience influencing how attention is directed.
Robert Spence, Mark Witkowski
Chapter 3. RSVP Modes and Their Properties
Abstract
This chapter looks in detail at the range of RSVP modes used today. They are broadly categorised into (1) static modes, where images appear and disappear without moving, (2) moving modes, where images appear sequentially, move about the display and then disappear, and (3) multiple entry/exit modes, in which images appear and disappear in many locations or move along several paths. We consider how design parameters such as presentation rate, speed of movement across the display, image size and overlap, as well as the use of manual control can influence the effectiveness and attractiveness of an RSVP mode. These discussions are richly illustrated with examples from experiments. To assist with the development process we introduce a graphical design notation for RSVP modes.
Robert Spence, Mark Witkowski
Chapter 4. Eye-Gaze
Abstract
This chapter considers the principles of eye movements and how eye-gaze recording and analysis techniques can be used to study and understand the consequences of design decisions. First we look at the different ways in which gaze naturally reacts to different RSVP-like presentations and describe four distinct gaze behaviours sufficient to characterise the significant aspects of eye movements observed during RSVP sequences: (1) visual search, (2) steady gaze, (3) nystagmus, and (4) visual pursuit. The chapter concludes with a discussion of ways of representing and presenting eye-gaze information to best effect.
Robert Spence, Mark Witkowski
Chapter 5. Analysing Gaze for RSVP
Abstract
In this chapter we analyse 10 distinct RVSP modes drawn from across the whole range of static, moving and multiple entry/exit modes in terms of the visual search, steady gaze, nystagmus and visual pursuit characterisations introduced in the previous chapter. Eye-gaze response behaviour is analysed with quantitative data and fully illustrated with gaze plots of fixations and saccades, temporal plots of the x and y coordinates of gaze position (XY-T), and cumulative gaze activity heatmaps. Consideration is given to the reason why, at any instant, gaze might move to a new position and the influence this might have on RSVP design.
Robert Spence, Mark Witkowski
Chapter 6. Design
Abstract
An interaction designer wishing to explore the potential of RSVP for a given application would expect to be provided with a concise set of guidelines requiring only a minimal understanding of the underpinning empirical evidence and theory. Both objective (e.g., image recognition) and subjective (e.g., fatigue) performances are of concern. Six questions typically asked by interaction designers concern those parameters that influence performance: they include the choice of visual style and the number of images simultaneously visible on the display. Following the presentation of design guidelines, examples of applications based on RSVP are provided.
Robert Spence, Mark Witkowski
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation
verfasst von
Robert Spence
Mark Witkowski
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Verlag
Springer London
Electronic ISBN
978-1-4471-5085-5
Print ISBN
978-1-4471-5084-8
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5085-5

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