Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
Modeling, Simulation, Design and Engineering of WDM Systems and Networks: An Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2012 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. Computer Modeling of Transport Layer Effects

verfasst von : André Richter

Erschienen in: WDM Systems and Networks

Verlag: Springer New York

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This chapter introduces the reader into optical signal representations and the major physical layer effects causing system degradations in the WDM transport layer. Suitable modeling approaches are presented, and typical simulation results are demonstrated. Finally, the chapter focuses on performance degrading effects due to fiber propagation, optical amplification, and signal generation.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Vorheriges Kapitel Modeling, Simulation, Design and Engineering of WDM Systems and Networks: An Introduction
Nächstes Kapitel State-of-the-Art in Device and Network Element Level Modeling
Fußnoten
1
using VPItransmissionMaker™Optical Systems, Version 8.6.
 
Literatur
1.
Lowery AJ, Lenzmann O, Koltchanov I, Moosburger R, Freund R, Richter A, Georgi S, Breuer D, Hamster H (2000) Multiple signal representation simulation of photonic devices, systems, and networks. IEEE J Sel Top Quant Electron 6(2):282–296CrossRef
2.
User’s Manual (2010) VPItransmissionMaker™ Optical Systems, Version 8.5
3.
Piprek J (ed) (2003) Optoelectronic devices: advanced simulation and analysis. Springer, New York
4.
Richter A, Louchet H, Koltchanov I (2007) Pitfalls when modeling high-speed optical transmission systems. In: Proceedings of IEEE/LEOS Summer Topicals, paper TuE1.1, Portland, OR, pp 238–239
5.
Gowar J (1984) Optical communication systems. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, pp 71–80
6.
Keiser G (2000) Optical fiber communications, 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill, Boston
7.
Chraplyvy A (1990) Limitations on lightwave communications imposed by optical-fiber nonlinearities. IEEE/OSA J Lightwave Technol 8(10):1548–1557CrossRef
8.
Agrawal GP (2002) Fiber-optic communication systems, 3rd edn. Wiley Inter-science, New YorkCrossRef
9.
Agrawal GP (1995) Nonlinear fiber optics, 3rd edn. Academic Press, New York
10.
Kato T, Koyano Y, Nishimura M (2000) Temperature dependence of chromatic dispersion in various types of optical fiber. Opt Lett 25(16):1156–1158CrossRef
11.
Liu F et al. (2002) 1.6Tbit/s (40x42.7 Gbit/s) transmission over 3600 km ultra wave fiber with all-Raman amplified 100 km terrestrial spans using ETDM transmitter and receiver. In: Proceedings of IEEE/OSA optical fiber communication conference (OFC), post-deadline paper FC7, Anaheim, CA
12.
Inoue K (1992) Four-wave mixing in an optical fiber in the zero-dispersion wavelength region. IEEE/OSA J Lightwave Technol 10(11):1553–1561CrossRef
13.
Oppenheim AV, Schafer RW (1989) Discrete-time signal processing. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, pp 587–622
14.
Mecozzi A, Clausen CB, Shtaif M (2000) Analysis of intrachannel nonlinear effects in highly dispersed optical pulse transmission. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 12(4):392–394CrossRef
15.
Essiambre RJ, Mikkelsen B, Raybon G (1999) Intra-channel cross-phase modulation and four-wave mixing in high-speed TDM systems. Electron Lett 35(18):1576–1578CrossRef
16.
Mamyshev PV, Mamysheva NA (1999) Pulse-overlapped dispersion-managed data transmission and intrachannel four-wave mixing. Opt Lett 24(21):1454–1456CrossRef
17.
Clausen CB, Mecozzi A, Shtaif M (2000) Nonlinear intra-channel effects: system impairments and their remedy. In: Proceedings of European conference on optical communications (ECOC), vol 3, Munich, Germany, pp 33–34
18.
Martensson J, Westlund M, Berntson A (2000) Intra-channel pulse interactions in 40 Gbit/s dispersion-managed RZ transmission. Electron Lett 36(3):244–246CrossRef
19.
Killey RI, Thiele HJ, Mikhailov V, Bayvel P (2000) Reduction of intrachannel nonlinear distortion in 40 Gb/s-based WDM transmission over standard fiber. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 12(12):1624–1626CrossRef
20.
Richter A (2002) Timing jitter in long-haul WDM return-to-zero systems. Dissertation, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
21.
Breuer D, Schneider M, Vorbeck S, Freund R, Richter A (2004) Design analysis of upgrade strategies from single to double and triple-wavelength-band WDM transmission. In: Proceedings of IEEE Asia-Pacific optical communications conference (APOC), vol 5625, Beijing, China, pp 601–613
22.
Kidorf H, Rottwitt K, Nissov M, Ma M, Rabarijaona E (1999) Pump interactions in a 100-nm bandwidth Raman amplifier. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 11(5):530–532CrossRef
23.
Namiki S, Emori Y (2001) Ultrabroad-band Raman amplifiers pumped and gain-equalized by wavelength-division-multiplexed high-power laser diodes. IEEE J Sel Top Quant Electron 7(1):3–16CrossRef
24.
Kaminow IP, Li T (eds) (2002) Optical fiber telecommunications IVB: systems and impairments. Academic Press, San Diego, CA
25.
Iannone E, Matera F, Mecozzi A, Settembre M (1998) Nonlinear optical communication networks. Wiley, New York
26.
Gordon JP, Kogelnik H (2000) PMD fundamentals: polarization mode dispersion in optical fibers. PNAS 97(9):4541–4550CrossRef
27.
Wai PKA, Menyuk CR (1996) Polarization mode dispersion, decorrelation, and diffusion in optical fibers with randomly varying birefringence. IEEE/OSA J Lightwave Technol 14(2):148–157CrossRef
28.
Curti F, Daino B, de Marchis G, Matera F (1990) Statistical treatment of the evolution of the principal states of polarization in single-mode fibers. IEEE/OSA J Lightwave Technol 8(8):1162–1166CrossRef
29.
Collett E (1993) Polarized light: fundamentals and applications. Marcel Dekker, New York
30.
Foschini GJ, Pole CD (1991) Statistical theory of polarization dispersion in single-mode fibers. IEEE/OSA J Lightwave Technol 9(11):1439–1456CrossRef
31.
Freund R, Molle L, Hanik N, Richter A (2004) Design issues of 40-Gbit/s WDM systems for metro and core network application. In: Proceedings of IEEE Asia-Pacific optical communications conference (APOC), vol 5625, Beijing, China, pp 532–543
32.
Derrickson D (1998) Fiber optic test and measurement. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River
33.
Mecozzi A, Shtaif A (2002) The statistics of polarization-dependent loss in optical communication systems. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 14(3):313–315CrossRef
34.
Gisin N, Huttner B (1997) Combined effects of polarization mode dispersion and polarization dependent losses in optical fibers. Opt Commun 142(1–3):119–125CrossRef
35.
Steinkamp A, Vorbeck S, Voges E (2004) Polarization mode dispersion and polarization dependent loss in optical fiber systems. In: Proceedings of SPIE Optics East, vol 5596, Philadelphia, PA, pp 243–254
36.
Antoniades N, Reichmann KC, Iannone PP, Frigo NJ, Levine AM, Roudas I (2006) The impact of polarization-dependent gain on the design of cascaded semiconductor optical amplifier CWDM systems. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 18(20):2099–2101CrossRef
37.
Lee M, Antoniades N, Boskovic A (2002) PDL-induced channel power divergence in a metro WDM network. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 14(4):561–563CrossRef
38.
Wang D, Menyuk CR (1999) Polarization evolution due to the Kerr nonlinearity and chromatic dispersion. IEEE/OSA J Lightwave Technol 17(12):2520–2529CrossRef
39.
Hodzic A, Konrad B, Petermann K (2003) Improvement of system performance in Nx40-Gb/s WDM transmission using alternate polarizations. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 15(1):153–155CrossRef
40.
Forzati M, Berntson A, Martensson J (2004) IFWM suppression using APRZ with optimized phase-modulation parameters. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 16(10):2368–2370CrossRef
41.
Richter A, Koltchanov I, Lowery A (2004) Photonic design automation of optical communication systems. In: Proceedings of IEEE Asia-Pacific optical communications conference (APOC), vol 5625, Beijing, China, pp 316–327
42.
Bosco G, Carena A, Curri V, Gaudino R, Poggiolini P, Benedetto S (2000) Suppression of spurious tones induced by the split-step method in fiber systems simulation. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 12(5):489–491CrossRef
43.
Rasmussen CJ (2001) Simple and fast method for step size determination in computations of signal propagation through nonlinear fibers. In: Proceedings of IEEE/OSA optical fiber communication conference (OFC), paper WDD29-1, Anaheim, CA
44.
Taha TR, Ablowitz MJ (1984) Analytical and numerical aspects of certain nonlinear evolution equations. II. numerical, nonlinear Schroedinger equation. J Comput Phys 55(2):203–230CrossRefMATHMathSciNet
45.
Carena A, Curri V, Gaudino R, Poggiolini P, Benedetto S (1997) A time-domain optical transmission system simulation package accounting for nonlinear and polarization-related effects in fibers. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 15(4):751–765CrossRef
46.
Brigham EO (1974) The fast fourier-transform. Prentice-Hall, Englewood CliffsMATH
47.
Singleton RC (1967) A method for computing the fast Fourier transform with auxiliary memory and limited high-speed storage. IEEE Trans Audio Electroacoustics 15(2):91–98CrossRef
48.
Yu T, Reimer WM, Grigoryan VS, Menyuk CR (2000) A mean field approach for simulating wavelength-division multiplexed systems. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 12(4):443–445CrossRef
49.
Wai PKA, Menyuk CR, Chen HH (1991) Stability of solitons in randomly varying birefringent fibers. Opt Lett 16(16):1231–1233CrossRef
50.
Marcuse D, Menyuk CR, Wai PKA (1997) Application of the Manakov-PMD equation to studies of signal propagation in optical fibers with randomly varying birefringence. IEEE/OSA J Lightwave Technol 15(9):1735–1746CrossRef
51.
Biondini G, Kath WL, Menyuk CR (2002) Importance sampling for polarization-mode dispersion. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 14(3):310–312CrossRef
52.
Menyuk CR (1987) Nonlinear pulse propagation in birefringence optical fibers. IEEE J Quant Electron 23(2):174–176CrossRefMathSciNet
53.
Nelson LE, Jopson R (2002) Introduction to polarization mode dispersion in lightwave systems Venice Summer School on PMD, Venice, Italy, pp 24–26
54.
Shtaif M, Mecozzi A (2000) Study of the frequency autocorrelation of the differential group delay in fibers with polarization mode dispersion. Opt Lett 25(10):707–709CrossRef
55.
Richter A, Dazert M, Koltchanov I, Myslivets E, Lowery A (2002) Performance degradations in high-speed (40 Gbit/s +) transmission systems due to polarization mode dispersion. In: Proceedings of IEEE/OSA national fiber optics engineers conference (NFOEC), paper 073, Anaheim, CA
56.
Richter A, Koltchanov I, Kuzmin K, Myslivets E, Freund R (2005) Issues on bit-error rate estimation for fiber-optic communication systems. In: Proceedings of IEEE/OSA optical fiber communication conference (OFC/NFOEC), paper NTuH3, Anaheim, CA
57.
Richter A, Koltchanov I, Kuzmin K, Rukhlenko D (2005) Bit-error rate estimation for applications using 40 Gbit/s and higher. In: Proceedings of IEEE workshop on optical transmission and equalization (WOTE), paper B3, Shanghai, China, pp 23–24
58.
Francia C, Bruyere F, Penninckx D, Chbat M (1998) PMD second-order effects on pulse propagation in single-mode optical fibers. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 10(12):1739–1741CrossRef
59.
Kogelnik H, Nelson LE, Gordon JP, Jopson RM (2000) Jones matrix for second-order polarization mode dispersion. Opt Lett 25(1):19–21CrossRef
60.
Eyal A, Marshall WK, Tur M, Yariv A (1999) Representation of second-order polarization mode dispersion. IEEE Electron Lett 35(19):1658–1659CrossRef
61.
Orlandini A, Vincetti L (2001) A simple and useful model for Jones matrix to evaluate higher order polarization-mode dispersion effects. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 13(11):1176–1178CrossRef
62.
Poloyko I, Khilo A, Myslivets E, Volkov V, Koltchanov I, Richter A, Lowery A (2003) Photonic design automation of Raman amplified systems. In: Proceedings of IEEE/OSA national fiber optics engineers conference (NFOEC), paper P29, Atlanta, GA
63.
Photonic Modules Reference Manual (2011) VPItransmissionMaker ™Optical Systems, Version 8.6
64.
Rottwitt K, Bromage J, Leng L (2002) Scaling the Raman gain coefficient of optical fibers. In: Proceedings of European conference on optical communications (ECOC), paper S3.03, Copenhagen, Denmark
65.
Grant AR (2002) Calculating the Raman pump distribution to achieve minimum gain ripple. IEEE J Quant Electron 38(11):1503–1509CrossRefMathSciNet
66.
Perlin VE, Wintful HG (2002) On distributed Raman amplification for ultrabroad-band long-haul WDM systems. IEEE/OSA J Lightwave Technol 20(3):409–416CrossRef
67.
Richter A, Koltchanov I, Myslivets E, Khilo A, Shkred G, Freund R (2005) Optimization of multi-pump Raman amplifiers. In: Proceedings of IEEE/OSA optical fiber communication conference (OFC/NFOEC), paper NTuB4, Anaheim, CA
68.
Lin Q, Agrawal G (2003) PMD effects in fiber-based Raman amplifiers. In: Proceedings of IEEE/OSA optical fiber communication conference (OFC), paper TuC4, Atlanta, GA
69.
Richter A, Louchet H, Poloyko I, Karelin N, Farina J, Koltchanov I (2009) A parametric approach to optical systems design, optimization and validation. In: Proceedings of European conference on networks and optical communications (NOC), Valladolid, Spain, pp 361–367
70.
Mears RJ, Reekie L, Jauncey IM, Payne DN (1987) Low noise erbium doped fiber amplifier operating at 1.54 μm. IEEE Electron Lett 23(19):1026–1028CrossRef
71.
Desurvire E (1994) Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, principles and applications. Wiley, New York
72.
Becker PC, Olsson NA, Simpson JR (1999) Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, fundamentals and technology. Academic Press, New York
73.
Giles R, Desurvire E (1991) Modeling erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. IEEE/OSA J Lightwave Technol 9(2):271–283CrossRef
74.
User’s Manual (2011) VPIcomponentMaker ™Optical Amplifiers, Version 8.6
75.
Abramovich F, Bayvel P (1997) Some statistical remarks on the derivation of BER in amplified optical communication systems. IEEE Trans Commun 45(9):1032–1034CrossRef
76.
Keiser G (2000) Optical fiber communications, 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill, Boston
77.
Collin RE (1992) Foundations for microwave engineering, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York
78.
Bonnedal D (1996) EDFA gain described with a black box model. In: Proceedings of OSA trends in optics and photonics, optical amplifiers and their applications, vol 5, Washington, D.C., pp 53–56
79.
Burgmeier J, Cords A, März R, Schäffer C, Stummer B (1998) A black box model of EDFA’s operating in WDM systems. IEEE/OSA J Lightwave Technol 16(7):1271–1275CrossRef
80.
Zhang X, Mitchell A (2000) A simple black box model for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 12(1):28–30CrossRef
81.
Jacobsen G, Persson U, Gillner L, Vanin E, Wingstrand S (2000) Pump power dependent black box EDFA model. J Opt Commun 21(5):171–177
82.
Villa JAL, Bo FB, Querol VP, Teixeira AL, Prat Goma J (2008) Extended black box model for fiber length variation of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 20(24):2063–2065CrossRef
83.
Richter A, Devatine R, Koltchanov I, Lowery A, Khomchenko D, Yevseyenko D, Moar P (2002) Virtual product prototyping of erbium doped fiber amplifiers for applications in dense WDM systems. In: Proceedings of IEEE/OSA national fiber optics engineers conference (NFOEC), paper 153, Anaheim, CA
84.
Yoo SJB, Xin W, Garratt LD, Young JC, Ellinas G, Chiao JC, Rauch M, Baran JE, Meagher B, Leblanc H, Chang G-K (1998) Observation of prolonged power transients in a reconfigurable multiwavelength network and their suppression by gain-clamping of optical amplifiers. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 10(11):1659–1661CrossRef
85.
Richter A, Karelin N, Louchet H, Koltchanov I, Farina J (2010) Dynamic events in optical networks—emulation and performance impact analysis. In: Proceedings of IEEE military communication conference (MILCOM), San Jose, CA, pp 1083–1087
86.
Matsui Y, Mahgerefteh D, Zheng X, Liao C, Fan ZF, McCallion K, Tayebati P (2006) Chirp-managed directly modulated laser (CML). IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 18(2):385–387CrossRef
87.
Cartledge JC, Srinivasan RC (1997) Extraction of DFB laser rate equation parameters for system simulation purposes. IEEE/OSA J Lightwave Technol 15(5):852–860CrossRef
88.
Lowery AJ (1992) A two-port bilateral model for semiconductor lasers. IEEE J Quant Electron 28(1):82–92CrossRef
89.
Arellano C, Mingaleev S, Novitsky A, Koltchanov I, Richter A (2009) Design of complex semiconductor integrated structures. In: Proceedings of IEEE Asia communication and photon conference (ACP) 7631, paper 7631-106, Shanghai, China
90.
Gnauck AH, Korotky SK, Veselka J, Nagal J, Kemmener CT, Mindford WJ, Moser DT (1991) Dispersion penalty reduction using an optical modulator with adjustable chirp. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 3(10):916–918CrossRef
91.
Hashimoto JI, Nakano Y, Tada K (1992) Influence of facet reflection on the performance of a DFB laser integrated with an optical amplifier/modulator. IEEE J Quant Electron 28(3):594–603CrossRef
92.
Koyama F, Iga K (1998) Frequency chirping in external modulators. IEEE/OSA J Lightwave Technol 6(1):87–93CrossRef
93.
Koltchanov I, Richter A, Myslivets E, Kazmierski C (2005) Complete time and frequency-dependent modeling of electro-absorption modulators. In: Proceedings of IEEE/OSA optical fiber communication conference (OFC/NFOEC), paper OME42, Anaheim, CA
94.
Mendoza-Alvarez JG, Coldren LA, Alping A, Yan RH, Hausken T, Lee K, Pedrottin K (1988) Analysis of depletion edge translation lightwave modulators. IEEE/OSA J Lightwave Technol 6(6):793–808CrossRef
95.
Ahmed M, Yamada M, Saito M (2001) Numerical modeling of intensity and phase noise in semiconductor lasers. IEEE J Quant Electron 37(12):1600–1610CrossRef
96.
Betti S, De Marchis G, Iannone E (1995) Coherent optical communication systems. Wiley Inter-science, New York
97.
Freund R, Molle L, Hanik N, Richter A (2004) Design issues of 40 Gbit/s WDM-systems for metro and core network application. In: Proceedings of European conference on optical communications (ECOC), paper Tu351, Stockholm, Sweden
98.
Kaminow IP, Koch TL (eds) (1997) Optical fiber telecommunications IIIB. Academic Press, San Diego, CA
99.
Dutta AK, Dutta NK, Fujiwara M (eds) (2002) WDM technologies: active optical components. Academic Press, New York
100.
Arellano C, Louchet H, Koltchanov I, Richter A (2009) Important device limitations of transmitter and receiver concepts when designing 100 G transmission systems. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on transparent optical networks (ICTON), paper Tu.C2.3, Azores, Portugal
Metadaten
Titel
Computer Modeling of Transport Layer Effects
verfasst von
André Richter
Copyright-Jahr
2012
Verlag
Springer New York
Buch
WDM Systems and Networks

Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-1092-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4614-1093-5

Copyright-Jahr: 2012

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1093-5_2

Neuer Inhalt

    Bildnachweise