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Post-transcriptional Stimulation of Gene Expression by MicroRNAs

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Ten Years of Progress in GW/P Body Research

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((volume 768))

Abstract

MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNA regulatory molecules that control gene expression by guiding associated effector complexes to other RNAs via sequence-specific recognition of target sites. Misregulation of microRNAs leads to a wide range of diseases including cancers, inflammatory and developmental disorders. MicroRNAs were found to mediate deadenylation-dependent decay and translational repression of messages through partially complementary microRNA target sites in the 3′-UTR (untranslated region). A growing series of studies has demonstrated that microRNAs and their associated complexes (microRNPs) elicit alternate functions that enable stimulation of gene expression in addition to their assigned repressive roles. These reports, discussed in this chapter, indicate that microRNA-mediated effects via natural 3′ and 5′-UTRs can be selective and controlled, dictated by the RNA sequence context, associated complex, and cellular conditions. Similar to the effects of repression, upregulated gene expression by microRNAs varies from small refinements to significant amplifications in expression. An emerging theme from this literature is that microRNAs have a versatile range of abilities to manipulate post-transcriptional control mechanisms leading to controlled gene expression. These studies reveal new potentials for microRNPs in gene expression control that develop as responses to specific cellular conditions.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank members of the Vasudevan laboratory, C. Fehr, M. Niepmann and M. Ruppert for their helpful comments and discussions and M. Serra for the figures. The authors’ research is supported by a CRI investigator and the D. and M-E Ryder awards to S.V.

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  1. Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA

    Sooncheol Lee & Shobha Vasudevan

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  1. Sooncheol Lee
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  2. Shobha Vasudevan
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Correspondence to Shobha Vasudevan .

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  1. College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Southwest Archer Road 1600, Gainesville, 32610, Florida, USA

    Edward K. L. Chan

  2. Dept. Medicine & Medical Biochemistry, University of Calgary, Hospital Drive NW., 3330, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Alberta, Canada

    Marvin J. Fritzler

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Lee, S., Vasudevan, S. (2013). Post-transcriptional Stimulation of Gene Expression by MicroRNAs. In: Chan, E., Fritzler, M. (eds) Ten Years of Progress in GW/P Body Research. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 768. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5107-5_7

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