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2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. The Socioeconomic Paradox of Galapagos

verfasst von : Byron Villacis, Daniela Carrillo

Erschienen in: Science and Conservation in the Galapagos Islands

Verlag: Springer New York

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Abstract

We present empirical statistical information to examine the paradox of sustainability in the Galapagos Islands. Sustainability is an integrated concept that addresses the satisfaction of human needs and welfare, without compromising the fate of future generations (World Commission on Environment and Development. Report of the eighth and final meeting of the World Commission on Environment and Development. Tokyo, Japan, 1987). We label this situation the Galapagos Paradox, due to the many conflicts that exist between today’s social and ecological conditions and the implications for future generations that will likely arise through the poor management of the expanding human population in the Galapagos Islands and the direct and indirect consequences of the human imprint on the islands’ fragile ecosystem. Our primary aim is to address the Galapagos Paradox—a place of human comfort and ecological fragility that necessitates the stringent management of social and ecological interactions for the sustainability of the Galapagos for the enjoyment of future generations.

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Fußnoten
1
In 1859, Charles Darwin published his theory of evolution by natural selection as an explanation for adaptation and speciation. He defined natural selection as the “principle by which each slight variation [of a trait], if useful, is preserved.” The concept was simple but powerful: individuals that are best adapted to their environments are more likely to survive and reproduce. As long as there is some variation between individuals, there will be an inevitable selection with the most advantageous variations. If the variations are inherited, then differential reproductive success will lead to a progressive evolution of particular populations of a species, and populations that evolve to be sufficiently different eventually will become different species.
 
2
Tapia W, Ospina P, Quiroga D, Gonzalez JA, Montes C (2009) Science for Galapagos: a proposed strategy and priority research agenda for sustainability of the archipelago. Quito, Ecuador. http://​www.​galapagospark.​org/​documentos/​Ciencia_​para_​la_​sostenibilidad_​Tapia_​et_​al_​2009.​pdf
 
3
This law seeks to regulate the Special Regime for Galapagos and to regulate the legal and administrative elements http://​www.​ambiente.​gob.​ec/​proyectos/​userfiles/​51/​file/​turismo/​ley%20​galapagos.​pdf.
 
4
Vanguardia (2012) The Galapagos Report
 
5
It is based on the methodology proposed by CELADE to characterize internal migration. This procedure is an international standard for characterizing internal movements.
 
6
For methodology, we remove foreigners from the people registered in the census, resulting in 21,077 habitants.
 
7
According to Article 26, paragraph 2 of the Special Law for Galapagos Province, the following are permanent residents: “The Ecuadorians or foreigners, who have legalized their stay in the country, maintain spousal or de facto union recognized under the Act or the children of a permanent resident in the province of Galapagos.”
 
8
National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (2010) Yearbook of vital statistics
 
9
The survey was implemented on mainland Ecuador in 2005–2006 and in the Galapagos Islands in 2009.
 
10
World Wildlife Fund (2003) Migration and environment in the Galapagos Islands. Quito, Ecuador
 
11
According to the Special Law for the Conservation and Sustainable Development of the Province of Galapagos issued on 1998 and reformed on 2003, “The minimum wage, minimum sectorial or basic wage of the province of Galapagos in each category consist of the sum of the minimum basic wage and minimum sectorial wage salary in continent plus 100% increase.”
 
12
According to the 2010 census, Galapagos has a lower illiteracy rate (1.3%) than mainland Ecuador (6.8%). The average number of years spent in school is 11.9 years in the Galapagos, whereas on the Ecuadorian mainland the average is reported to be 9.6 years.
 
13
National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (2011) National survey of family relationships and violence against women
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Galapagos National Park, Ministry of Environment (2011) Annual report of Galapagos immigration. Galapagos, Ecuador Galapagos National Park, Ministry of Environment (2011) Annual report of Galapagos immigration. Galapagos, Ecuador
Zurück zum Zitat National Congress (1998) Special law for Galapagos province. Quito, Ecuador National Congress (1998) Special law for Galapagos province. Quito, Ecuador
Zurück zum Zitat National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (2005–2006) Living conditions survey National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (2005–2006) Living conditions survey
Zurück zum Zitat National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (2009a) Living conditions survey of Galapagos National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (2009a) Living conditions survey of Galapagos
Zurück zum Zitat National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (2009b) Annual hospital discharge National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (2009b) Annual hospital discharge
Zurück zum Zitat National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (2010) Population and housing census National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (2010) Population and housing census
Zurück zum Zitat National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (2010) National economic census National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (2010) National economic census
Zurück zum Zitat National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (2010) Consumer price index for Galapagos National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (2010) Consumer price index for Galapagos
Zurück zum Zitat National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (2010) Yearbook of vital statistics National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (2010) Yearbook of vital statistics
Zurück zum Zitat National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (2010) Yearbook of hospital beds National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (2010) Yearbook of hospital beds
Zurück zum Zitat National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (2011) National survey of family relationships and violence against women National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (2011) National survey of family relationships and violence against women
Zurück zum Zitat Tapia W, Ospina P, Quiroga D, Gonzalez JA, Montes C (2009) Science for Galapagos: a proposed strategy and priority research agenda for sustainability of the archipelago. Quito, Ecuador Tapia W, Ospina P, Quiroga D, Gonzalez JA, Montes C (2009) Science for Galapagos: a proposed strategy and priority research agenda for sustainability of the archipelago. Quito, Ecuador
Zurück zum Zitat World Commission on Environment and Development (1987) Report of the eighth and final meeting of the World Commission on Environment and Development. Tokyo, Japan World Commission on Environment and Development (1987) Report of the eighth and final ­meeting of the World Commission on Environment and Development. Tokyo, Japan
Zurück zum Zitat World Wildlife Fund (2003) Migration and environment in the Galapagos Islands. Quito, Ecuador World Wildlife Fund (2003) Migration and environment in the Galapagos Islands. Quito, Ecuador
Metadaten
Titel
The Socioeconomic Paradox of Galapagos
verfasst von
Byron Villacis
Daniela Carrillo
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Verlag
Springer New York
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5794-7_4