Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Biotic Homogenization pp 1–17Cite as

Biotic Homogenization: A Sequential and Selective Process

  • Chapter

Abstract

Biotic homogenization is the replacement of local biotas by nonindigenous and locally expanding species that can co-exist with humans (McKinney and Lockwood 1999). Because homogenization often replaces unique endemic species with already widespread species, it reduces spatial diversity at regional and global scales. Biotic homogenization is rapidly increasing to the point that the next geological epoch is sometimes called the “Homogecene” (Guerrant 1992). As noted by Brown (1989),

‘Geographically restricted native species with sensitive requirements will continue to have high extinction rates while those widespread broadly tolerant forms that can live with humans, and benefit from their activities, will spread and become increasingly dominant’.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aldrich, J.W. and R.W. Coffin. 1980. Breeding bird populations from forest to suburbia after thirty-seven years. American Birds 34(l):3-7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balmford, A. 1996 Extinction filters and current resilience: the significance of past selection pressures for conservation biology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11:193-197.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beissinger, S.R. and D.R. Osborne. 1982. Effects of urbanization on avian community organization. Condor 84:75-83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, P.M. and I. Owens. 1997 . Variation in extinction risk among birds: chance or evolutionary predisposition? Proc. R. Soc. London Ser.. B. 264:401-408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, T.M., S.L. Pimm and J.O. Oyugi. 1999. Time lag between deforestation and bird extinction in tropical forest fragments. Conservation Biology 13:1140-1150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J.H. 1989. Patterns, modes and extents of invasions of vertebrates. In: Biological Invasions: a Global Perspective (Drake, J. et al., eds), John Wiley & Sons, pp. 85-109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J.H. 1995. Macroecology, University of Chicago Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Case, T.J. 1996. Global patterns in the establishment and distribution of exotic birds. Biological Conservation 78:69-96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chown, S.L., N.J. Gremmen, and K.J. Gaston. 1998. Ecological biogeography of Southern Ocean islands: Species-area relationships, human impacts and conservation. American Naturalist 152:562-575.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collinge, S.K. 1996). Ecological consequences of habitat fragmentation: implications for landscape architecture and planning. Landscape and Urban Planning 36:59-77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daehler, C.C. 1998 The taxonomic distribution of invasive angiosperm plants: ecological insights and comparison to agricultural weeds, Biol. Conserv. 84:167-180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daehler, C.C. and D.R. Strong. 1996. Status, prediction and prevention of introduced cordgrasses (Spartina spp.) in Pacific estuaries, USA. Biological Conservation 78:51-58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erwin, D.H. 1998. The end and beginning: recoveries from mass extinctions, Trends Ecol. Evol. 13:344-349

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flather, C.H. 1996. Fitting species-accumulation functions and assessing regional land use impacts on avian diversity. Journal of Biogeography 23:155-168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gill, F. 1980. Historical aspects of hybridization between Blue-winged and Golden-winged Warblers. Auk 97:1-18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, F. 1997. Local cytonuclear extinction of the Golden-winged Warbler. Evolution 51:519-525.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gill, F. 1998. Hybridization in birds. Auk 115(2):281-283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goerck, J.M. 1997. Patterns in rarity in the birds of the Atlantic forest of Brazil. Conserv. Biol. 11:112-118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, B.J., A. J. McAllister, and L. Fahrig. 1999. Predicting invasiveness of plant species based on biological information. Conservation Biology 13: 422-426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guerrant, E.O. 1992. Genetic and demographic considerations in the sampling and reintroduction of rare plants. In: Conservation Biology (P.L. Fiedler and S. Jain, eds.) Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 321-344.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, S. 1993. Species diversity, spatial scale, and global change. In: Biotic Interactions and Global Change (Kareiva, P., Kingsolver, J. and Huey, R., eds), Sinauer, pp. 388-401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez, H.M. and R. Barcenas 1996. Endangered cacti in the Chihuahuan Desert, Conserv. Biol. 10:1200-1209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs, R.J. and H. Mooney. 1998. Broadening the extinction debate: population deletions and additions in California and Western Australia, Conserv. Biol. 12:271-283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ingham, D. and M. Samways. 1996. Application of fragmentation and variegation models to epigaeic invertebrates in South Africa, Conserv. Biol. 10:1353-1358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jennings, S., J.D. Reynolds, and N.V.C. Polunin. 1999. Predicting the vulnerability of tropical reef fishes to exploitation with phylogenies and life histories. Conservation Biology 13(6):1466-1486.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E.B.D. III, G.S. Helfmen, J.O. Harper, and P.V. Bolstad. 1999. Effects of riparian forest removal on fish assemblage4s in southern Appalachian streams. Conservation Biology 13(6):1454-1465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kowarik, I. 1995. On the role of alien species in urban flora and vegetation. In: Plant Invasions: General Aspects and Special Problems, P. Pysek, K. Prach, M. Rejmanek, and M. Wade, eds., Academic Pub., Amsterdam. Pp: 85-103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Limburg, K.E. and R.E. Schmidt. 1990. Patterns of fish spawning in Hudson River tributaries: response to an urban gradient? Ecology 71(4):1231-1245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lonsdale, W.M. 1999. Global patterns of plant invasions and the concept of invasibility. Ecology 80:1522-1536.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lockwood, J.L. 1999. Using taxonomy to predict success among introduced avifauna: relative importance of transport and establishment. Conservation Biology 13(3):560-567.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lockwood, J.L., T.M. Brooks, and M.L. McKinney 2000. Taxonomic homogenization of the global avifauna. Animal Conservation 3:27-35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Long, J. 1981. Introduced birds of the world. David & Charles, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mac, M.J., P.A. Opler, C.P. Haecker, and P. D. Doran. 1998. Status and Trends of the Nation’ss Biological Resources. U.S. Dept Interior, Reston, Virginia.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKinney, M.L. 1997. Extinction vulnerability and selectivity: combining ecological and paleontological views, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 28:495-516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKinney, M.L. 1998. On predicting biotic homogenization: species-area patterns in marine biota, Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. Lett. 7: 297-301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKinney, M.L. and J.L. Lockwood. 1999. Biotic homogenization: a few winners replacing many losers in the next mass extinction. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14: 450-453.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Noss, R. and A.Y. Cooperrider. 1994. Saving Nature’s Legacy. Island Press, Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Parkes, K.C. 1978. Still another parulid intergeneric hybrid (Mniotilla X Dendroica) and its taxonomic and evolutionary implications Auk 95:682-690.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearman, P.B. 1997. Correlates of amphibian diversity in an altered landscape of Amazonian Ecuador, Conserv. Biol. 11:1211-1225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rhymer, J.M. and D. Simberloff 1996. Extinction by hybridization and introgression. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 27:83-109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenzweig, M.L. 1995. Species Diversity in Time and Space. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, G.J., T.M. Brooks, and M. McKinney. 1998. Decreased taxonomic selectivity in the future extinction crises. Conservation Biology 12:1365-1376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stalter, R., M.D. Byer, J.T. Tanacredi. 1996. Rare and endangered plants at Gateway National Recreation Area: a case for protection of urban natural areas. Landscape and Urban Planning 35:41-51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Theobald, D.M., J.R. Miller, and N.T. Hobbs. 1997. Estimating the cumulative effects of development on wildlife habitat. Landscape and Urban Planning 39:25-36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thiollay, J-M. 1995. The role of traditional agroforests in the conservation of rain forest bird diversity in Sumatra, Conserv. Biol. 9:335-353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, K. and A. Jones. 1999. Human population density and prediction of local extinction in Britain. Conservation Biology 13(1):185-189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vale, T. R. and G.R. Vale. 1976. Suburban bird populations in west-central California. Journal of Biogeography 3:157-165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vitousek, P.M. et al. 1996. Biological invasions as global environmental change, Am. Sci. 84:468-478

    Google Scholar 

  • Walter, K.S. and H.J. Gillett. 1998. 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcove, D.S., D. Rothstein, J. Dubow, A. Philips, and E. Losos. 1998. Quantifying threats to imperiled species in the United States. BioScience 48:607-615.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, M. 1996. Biological invasions, Chapman & Hall.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Sciences, and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA

    Michael L. McKinney

  2. Department of Environmental Studies, Natural Sciences II, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA

    Julie L. Lockwood

Authors
  1. Michael L. McKinney
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Julie L. Lockwood
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA

    Julie L. Lockwood

  2. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA

    Michael L. McKinney

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

McKinney, M.L., Lockwood, J.L. (2001). Biotic Homogenization: A Sequential and Selective Process. In: Lockwood, J.L., McKinney, M.L. (eds) Biotic Homogenization. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1261-5_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1261-5_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5467-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1261-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation